Insight into the Roles of Proline-Rich Extensin-like Receptor Protein Kinases of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Proline-rich extensin-like receptor protein kinases (PERKs) are known for their roles in the developmental processes and stress responses of many plants. We have identified 30 TaPERK genes in the genome of T. aestivum, exploring their evolutionary and syntenic relationship and analyzing their gene and protein structures, various cis-regulatory elements, expression profiling, and interacting miRNAs. The TaPERK genes formed 12 homeologous groups and clustered into four phylogenetic clades. All the proteins exhibited a typical domain organization of PERK and consisted of conserved proline residue repeats and serine-proline and proline-serine repeats. Further, the tyrosine-x-tyrosine (YXY) motif was also found conserved in thirteen TaPERKs. The cis-regulatory elements and expression profiling under tissue developmental stages suggested their role in plant growth processes. Further, the differential expression of certain TaPERK genes under biotic and abiotic stress conditions suggested their involvement in defense responses as well. The interaction of TaPERK genes with different miRNAs further strengthened evidence for their diverse biological roles. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of obtained TaPERK genes was performed, enriching our knowledge of TaPERK genes and providing a foundation for further possible functional analyses in future studies.