Browsing by Author "Berg, Jim E."

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2003 Evaluation of IMI-tolerant winter wheat variety performance in recrop trials at Fife near Belt and Great Falls
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of IMI-tolerant winter wheat varieties in recrop or continuous crop environments in the goat grass infested area near Belt. The IMI-tolerant winter wheat variety trial was re-cropped till-plant after spring wheat. The site was very dry at seeding as the double disk plot drill penetrated the soil surface to a depth of ¾ to 1 inch. Stand establishment was good. The dry conditions persisted through the spring at the test site. The IMI tolerant trait did provide the opportunity to control jointed goat grass without killing the wheat. The droughty conditions limited the evaluation of the yield potential of these lines. Some lines did show good yield potential relative to standard varieties in severe limited moisture environment.
2003 Evaluation of Winter Wheat Variety Performance on No-Till Recrop into Undisturbed Barley Stubble Near Moccasin
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Philips, Dave; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
Evaluate agronomic performance of winter wheat varieties in recrop or continuous crop environments in the southern triangle and central Montana. 2003 Winter wheat variety trial re-cropped no-till after barley was established at the Central Agricultural Research Center on land in its eighth year of continuous no-till annual cropping. Center on land in its eighth year of continuous no-till annual cropping (since 1996). The current rotation is: pulse – spring wheat – canola/mustard – barley – barley – winter wheat – pulse crop. Soil moisture conditions were fair to good at seeding. conditions were fair to good at seeding (soil moisture probe depth 10-12”). However, high post seeding temperatures and winds dried the soil late into the fall. Much above average April precipitation contributed to excellent yield potential. Return of severe drought conditions in early June resulted low test weights which deflated the yield levels. The droughty weather in combination with the variable shallow soils resulted in extremely variable yield results and low confidence results. No-Till recrop weather precipitation conditions were such that early maturity was favored. The later the maturity the greater the exposure to increased heat and reduced plant available moisture. The main factor missing was winter stress. The good performance of several numbered lines indicate the potential for improved varieties in the near future.
2004 Evaluation of IMI Tolerant Winter Wheat Varieties and Development Lines for Yield Performance Under Continuous Cropping
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Wichman, David M.
This experiment was to determine the yield potential of IMI tolerant winter wheat lines in central Montana environment. However, the crop did not establish and grow well. The producer had similar experience in the surrounding field. In both cases, farm field and research plots, shallow seeding depth combined with a dry fall and spring contributed to reduced crop growth. The performance of the experimental IMI tolerant lines show that large strides are being made in improving the yield and protein content of IMI tolerant winter wheat.
2004 Evaluation of Soft Winter Wheat Variety Performance Under Fallow at the Central Agricultural Research Center, Near Moccasin
(Central Ag Research Center, 2004) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance, particularly winter hardiness, of soft winter wheat varieties in crop-fallow environments in the central Montana. The soft white winter wheat was seeded into tilled fallow soil on 23-September 2003. Emergence was uniform. uniform. The 2003-04 winter was relatively mild as some spring wheat over wintered in stubble. However, two soft white winter wheat varieties, Lewjain and Stephens, had severe winterkill. two soft white winter wheat varieties, Lewjain and Stephens, had severe winterkill. Three soft white entries topped the yield, not significantly, of the hard red check variety Neeley. The soft white varieties evaluated do not have sufficient winter hardiness to be raised in areas which frequently have bare soils and windy conditions during the winter months.
2004 Evaluation of Winter Wheat Variety Performance on Fallow at Geraldine and Winifred
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Philips, Dave; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of winter wheat varieties in no-till recrop (continuous) crop environments near Geraldine and Winifred, Montana. The Geraldine site was abandoned due to variable stand establishment. The site was a no-till fallow site where the surface soil was strongly crusted. However, once through the crust the moist soil went to a depth greater than 48”. Sufficient moisture was received to sprout the seed, but insufficient to sustain some seed till the roots could penetrate the crusted surface and the seeding died. The farmer used an air seeder with hoe openers and had excellent stand establishment. The soil at the Winifred site was less crusted, but stand establishment and seedling growth was not as good as the farmer had around the plots. Early May spring moisture was good. However, the winter wheat crop ran out of moisture during grain fill causing the test weights to be light and erratic. The information generated is weak due to variation across the nursery.
2004 Evaluation of Winter Wheat Variety Performance on No-Till Recrop at Moccasin and Denton
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.; Wargo, Judee; Philips, Dave
Evaluate agronomic performance of winter wheat varieties in no-till re-crop (continuous) crop environments near Moccasin and Denton, Montana. The growing conditions for the 2004 winter wheat crop were much better than most recent years. Moisture conditions were not outstanding, but cool June temperatures minimized evaporation demand during critical seed fill. However, below average precipitation in June and July resulted in below average test weights. holding capacities. The use of broadleaf legume and oilseed crops has facilitated the use of a wider array of herbicides which has help managed wild oats, downy brome and other weeds often associated with cereal only systems. MT00159 continues to have outstanding yield performance as it has done in the two previous years. Winter wheat yields were much above expectations for both the Moccasin and Denton locations given the below average precipitation levels. The protein levels indicate some nitrogen loss may have occurred at the Denton location.
2004 Intra-State Winter Wheat Variety Performance
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Carlson, G. R.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Grey, William E.; Johnston, Robert H.; Kushnak, Gregory D.; Kephart, Ken D.
This report evaluates new and existing winter wheat lines and varieties in dryland under various growing conditions in Montana and Western North Dakota. The 2004 Intrastate Winter Wheat Evaluation nursery was grown at Bozeman, Havre, Huntley, Kalispell, Moccasin, and Sidney, Montana and Williston, North Dakota. The 2004 Montana winter wheat crop varied widely across research locations due to extremes in winter survival, precipitation and growing season temperatures. The eastern portion of Montana had harsh winter conditions that caused pockets of winter kill. Severe drought conditions persisted in eastern Montana south of highway 200. Northwest Montana and north central conditions were much improved over the 2003 crop year. Cool June weather compensated for below average precipitation in central Montana. Dry conditions during grain fill reduced test weights at all locations except Bozeman. Harvest weather, in general, was good. The environmental conditions across the intra-state winter wheat locations provided for an ideal range of yields for good assessment of yield potential. These conditions provided an excellent range of yields and test weights. Grain protein levels were high. Conditions were suitable for good winter survival evaluations at Sidney and Williston.
Cereal Grain Cultivar Performance Under No-Till Continuous Cropping in Central Montana Off-Station Trials in central Montana off-station trials (4W2755) (2009)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2009) Bates, S.R.; Berg, Jim E.; Blake, Tom; Bruckner, Phil L.; Lanning, Susan P.; Talbert, Luther E.; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the performance of winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley varieties in no-till continuous crop systems across central Montana and to provide unbiased information on improved cereal cultivars for producers to use in the selection of best suited cereal grain varieties for the various cropping environment. The management strategy utilized for the off-station trial sites is for CARC staff to establish, monitor, harvest, record and process the data. The concept is to evaluate the cultivars under the conditions in which the producers are going to be raising them. The 2009 crop year experienced harsh, dry, cold and windy, weather during the winter and spring causing stand survival problems and inhibited the growth of both winter and spring cereals. Numerous central Montana winter wheat fields experienced winter wheat mortality in the field headlands due to tractor and implement turning. The resilience exhibited by winter wheat, spring wheat and barley in the 2009 central Montana variety trials clearly demonstrate why cereals are the predominant annual crops in central Montana. In spite of the harsh spring growing conditions all three crops produced well. barley is a crop of last resort used to deal with a particular pest, wheat disease, situation. No-till practices have proven ineffective in reducing soil erosion through increased ground cover. However, the turning area in the headlands are proving to some times and conditions to be a challenge, particularly with winter wheat, for stand establishment and survival.
Evaluation and Selection of Superior Winter Triticale Lines for Grain Production and Winter Hardiness (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Berg, Jim E.; Hensleigh, Pat F.; Hybner, Roger M.; Kephart, Ken D.; Kolding, Matt; Sharp, Gail L.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report identifies and selects winter triticale lines that exhibit superior grain yield and winter hardiness in central Montana and throughout the state. In 2002, several winter triticale lines had grain yields (pounds/acre) greater than Tiber winter wheat at Moccasin, Bozeman, and Sheridan. However, the winter triticale yields were not overwhelmingly higher than Tiber yields, as has occurred some years. Several triticale lines have proven to have grain yield potentials greater than Tiber winter wheat. Unfortunately, we have not had winters suitable for the evaluation of winter hardiness. Some of these lines would be suitable for production in areas of Montana with marginal winter stress or for seeding into undisturbed stubble.
Evaluation of Agronomic Performance of Winter Wheat, Spring Wheat, and Barley Cultivars in Recrop Near Moccasin, Denton, and Geraldine, Montana (2010)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2010) Bates, S.R.; Berg, Jim E.; Blake, Tom; Bruckner, Phil L.; Dahlhausen, S.J.; Lanning, Susan P.; Talbert, Luther E.; Wichman, David M.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This report evaluates the performance of winter and spring cereal grain varieties in continuous crop and re-crop environments near Moccasin, Denton, and Geraldine. The 2010 central Montana continuous crop cereal grain yields were generally above average do to more plentiful precipitation distributed more evenly across the growing season. In some cases, winter wheat and spring crop yields were limited by weather caused by delays in seeding date. Late seeded winter wheat experienced early and mid-spring stand losses due to weak seedlings being exposed driving winds and some soil movement around the plant crowns. Sawfly was not as great of a factor in the winter wheat, except for some late seeded stands. While sawfly was a significant factor in spring wheat, the cutting generally was not as great as that experienced in 2009. Sawfly was less of a factor in the 2010 barley crop, also. 2010 was a somewhat stressful year, for the crop producer, due to the multitude of atypical weather events that occurred across the crop year starting with extreme cold and wet conditions in October 2009. While not all cereal crops were successful, those crops that had good stands generally produced good to outstanding yields. Sawfly cutting was sufficient to provide a good evaluation of spring wheat varieties and late seeded winter wheat varieties for tolerance, yet were not so severe as to wipe out any chance for useable yield data.
Evaluation of Experimental Winter Triticale Lines for Adaptation in Montana (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Berg, Jim E.; Hensleigh, Pat F.; Hybner, Roger M.; Kephart, Ken D.; Kolding, Matt; Sharp, Gail L.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report documents the observations of winter triticale lines to determine if any perform well in Central Montana. Triticale plots were seeded on a west-facing slope to obtain maximum exposure to winter temperatures and wind. Plant densities and percent stand indicate no significant differences among the triticale lines in their ability to survive winter. Triticale lines did not differ significantly from Tiber winter wheat in winter hardiness or in grain yield. Grain yields averaged 2520 lbs/a and test weights were above average at 53.6 lbs/bu. Similar results were obtained in the Statewide Triticale Nursery planted in a more protected area on the research center. Triticale lines tested had a wide range of heading dates and test weight values. Early maturing lines with acceptable test weights and yields comparable to Tiber winter wheat can be selected for and continued in subsequent yield trials.
Evaluation of wheat stem sawfly‐resistant solid stem Qss.msub‐3BL alleles in hard red winter wheat
(Wiley, 2023-01) Wong, Mei Ling; Bruckner, Philip L.; Berg, Jim E.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Hofland, Megan L.; Caron, Christopher G.; Heo, Hwa‐Young; Blake, Nancy K.; Weaver, David K.; Cook, Jason P.
Host plant resistance provided by solid stems has been the most effective means for mitigating wheat stem sawfly (WSS) (Cephus cinctus Norton) damage in spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The solid stem trait originates from the spring wheat cultivar “Rescue” and is associated with a quantitative trait locus allele Qss.msub-3BL.b that explains the majority of the variation for stem solidness. Recently, a new Qss.msub-3BL solid stem allele, designated Qss.msub-3BL.c, was identified in the spring wheat cultivar “Conan”. It produces a solid stem phenotype early in plant development but dissipates during plant growth. The Qss.msub-3BL.c allele provides effective WSS resistance in spring wheat but has not been tested in winter wheat. To examine if the Qss.msub-3BL.c allele provides adequate WSS resistance in winter wheat, near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed using marker-assisted backcrossing. This enabled comparisons between the hollow stem Qss.msub-3BL.a, solid stem Qss.msub-3BL.b and solid stem Qss.msub-3BL.c alleles for stem solidness, WSS resistance, and agronomic traits in Montana growing environments. Compared to the hollow stem allele, the NILs with the Qss.msub-3BL.c allele increased stem solidness and reduced WSS stem cutting. However, the Qss.msub-3BL.c allele resulted in lower solid stem scores and greater WSS stem cutting compared to the Qss.msub-3BL.b allele. Overall, these findings indicate that the Qss.msub-3BL.c allele failed to provide sufficient WSS resistance in the winter wheat backgrounds tested in this study.
Evaluation of Winter Wheat Cultivar Performance Under Continuous Crop, Crop-Crop-Fallow and Crop-Fallow Systems in Central Montana (2011)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2011) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Dahlhausen, S.J.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the relative performance of winter wheat cultivars and development lines in central Montana crop environments. The 2011 growing season conditions were atypical beginning with above average precipitation in September and November. Winter precipitation was near average, while April through mid-June precipitation was much above average. Mid-June through August precipitation was below average. The Winifred location was hailed out in mid July. Stripe rust infestations were wide spread in winter wheat.
Evaluation of Winter Wheat Cultivar Performance Under Continuous-Crop, Crop-Crop-Fallow and Crop-Fallow Systems in Central Montana (2012)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2012) Wichman, David M.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Berg, Jim E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Deanon, B.J.S.; Dahlhausen, S.J.
This report evaluates the relative performance of winter wheat cultivars and development lines in central Montana crop environments. The 2012 growing season was warmer and dryer than the long term average. These conditions commenced in mid-late June 2011. Therefore, the cropping system and soil depth were major factors in the 2012 crop performance in much of central Montana. The Moccasin and Belt locations had below average yields. Disease and insects, specifically sawfly, were not a problem for the 2012 cultivar evaluation trials. The Denton location received severe hail damage and was not harvested. The Moccasin location received significant hail on June 5. Overall, winter wheat yields were better than expected for the precipitation and temperature conditions due to good spring root growth.
Evaluation of Winter Wheat Development Lines for Susceptibility to Sawfly Cutting in Central Montana (2009)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2009) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates stem solidness, sawfly resistance/ tolerance, and agronomic performance of new winter wheat lines developed to combat sawfly damage. Forty nine winter wheat lines were seeded no-till re-crop into spring wheat stubble that had experienced severe sawfly cutting in the summer of 2008. The composite of traffic from heavy harrowing and air-drill seeding operations has created poor seed bed conditions in field perimeters of some fields. This condition is particularly evident when surface soils are very dry at seeding.
Evaluation of Winter Wheat Variety Performance in Off-Station Trials Near Moccasin, Denton, Fort Benton, Moore, and Winifred (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Philips, Dave; Sharp, Gail L.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the performance of winter wheat varieties in environments and cropping methods representative of the southern triangle and central Montana. Moisture severely limited the plant growth and development of winter grains at the Fort Benton site. Low test weights from grain grown at the Fort Benton site were accompanied by high protein values. Grain shatter from hail damage at Denton reduced the yields collected from that site. Promontory, Erhardt, Rampart, and Norstar were among those most susceptible to grain shatter. Most resistant to shatter were Judith and Morgan. Sawfly damage was very evident in Fort Benton this year. Stems had been girdled at the soil level. Most susceptible to sawfly cutting were Elkhorn, Neeley, Judith, and Rampart. While all plots sustained some cutting, the cultivar with the least amount of sawfly damage was NuPlains. Since stem counts were conducted on only the first rep, results may be inconclusive.
Evaluation of Winter Wheat Variety Performance in Off-Station Trials Near Moccasin, Denton, Fort Benton, Moore, and Winifred (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Philips, Dave; Sharp, Gail L.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates agronomic performance of winter wheat varieties in environments and cropping methods representative of the southern triangle and Central Montana. Winter wheat trials on recrop were established at Moccasin, Denton, Fort Benton and Moore and on fallow at Moccasin and Winifred. Due to severe and variable soil burial in mid-April of 2002, the Winifred trial was abandoned. Three plots were harvested at this site to get an indication of yield potential. These plots produced over 40 bushels per acre, providing a positive mark for using no-till chemical fallow. 2002 winter wheat growing conditions were sufficiently varied to provide a good year for evaluating agronomic characters. Conditions were not so extreme as to diminish the value of the results. The main factor missing was winter stress. The good performance of several numbered lines indicate the potential for improved varieties in the near future.
Hard Red and White Winter Wheat Evaluations in USDA Regional and Montana Statewide Trials at Moccasin (2003)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
To evaluate soft white winter wheat lines for adaptability, agronomic performance, yield, and quality in Central Montana. A mild winter followed by above average precipitation in April and drought May through July period with above average temperatures generally favored early maturing varieties. Yield levels were near long term averages. However, test weights were much below average and protein levels were above average.
Intrastate, Advanced Yield, and Preliminary Winter Wheat Variety Performance Trials (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Sharp, Gail L.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates agronomic performance of new experimental lines and existing winter wheat varieties in Central Montana. Yields from the Interstate Nursery ranged from 38.3 to 54.4 bu/a with the average equal to 47.2 bu/a. Test weights were lower than average at 57.6 lbs/bu and grain proteins averaged 15.4 percent. Yields of grain varieties grown in the Advanced Yield Winter Wheat Nursery ranged from 41.7 to 57.4 bu/a with the average being 47.2 bu/a. Test weights were below average at 59.5 lbs/bu and grain protein averaged 15.4 percent. Grain yields in the preliminary nurseries ranged from 36.7 to 59.5 bu/a. Yields averaged 47.9 bu/a in the Preliminary A nursery and test weights were below average at 57.6 lbs/bu. Grain yields in the Preliminary B nursery averaged 51.4 bu/a and test weights were average at 60.1 lbs/bu. Soil moisture at seeding time was good and urea was broadcast in early September. Winter survival rates averaged 78 to 84 percent and total annual precipitation of 10.6 inches resulted in lower than normal yields. Lower than average test weights were accompanied by higher than average grain protein levels.
Intrastate, Advanced Yield, and Preliminary Winter Wheat Variety Performance Trials (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Sharp, Gail L.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates agronomic performance of new experimental lines and existing winter wheat varieties in Central Montana. The statewide nurseries were seeded with a double disk drill into untilled 2000 barley stubble. Much of the stubble had deteriorated, but there was sufficient stubble to influence snow catch. The 50 pounds per acre of a 20-20-20-10 blend was placed with the seed at seeding. The intrastate and advanced yield trials were harvested prior to receiving significant rain. Therefore, the grain test weight should be generally better than the preliminary nurseries. The advanced yield nursery had deer trails through one of the ranges. The winter wheat yields were much above what would normally be anticipated for the levels of spring soil moisture and spring precipitation. Cooler than average temperatures in April and May contributed to lower evaporative demand and reduced soil drying.