Publications by Colleges and Departments (MSU - Bozeman)
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Item Harvest-Time Protein Shocks and Price Adjustment in U.S. Wheat Markets(MSU Extension, 2005-06) Goodwin, Barry K.; Smith, Vincent H.Dynamic relationships between three classes of wheat are investigated using threshold VAR models incorporating the effects of protein availability. Changes in the stock of protein are found to generate significant impulse responses in the price of hard red spring wheat and hard red winter wheat but not soft red wheat. These impulse responses to identical changes in protein stocks are larger when the absolute deviations of protein stocks from normal levels are large. Shocks to the prices of individual classes of wheat result in complex impulse responses in the prices of the other wheats. Notably, however, a shock to the price of hard red winter weak appears to result in little or no impulse response in the price of hard spring wheat, though, importantly, the opposite is not true.Item Agricultural Chemical Prices in Canada and the United States: A Case Study of Alberta and Montana(MSU Extension, 2004-12) Smith, Vincent H.; Johnson, James B.Differences in retail prices for similar or identical agricultural chemicals have been a source of controversy in the Prairie Provinces of Canada and the Northern Great Plains States of the United States since the mid-1990s. Such differences may exist because of differing pesticide regulations between the United States and Canada. Different regulations may inhibit trade between the two regions and isolate markets from one another. If this is the case, then regulatory harmonization that allows Canadian and U.S. agricultural producers to purchase agricultural chemicals in Canada or the United States would generally lead to harmonization of agricultural chemical prices.Item 2008 Oilseed Performance in Central Montana Trials(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) Wichman, David M.This paper evaluates 2008 Oilseed performance in central Montana trials. 2008 Central Montana crop growing conditions were generally less than ideal, particularly for spring crops. Droughty conditions of late 2007 persisted through early May and commenced again in mid-June following above average precipitation in May. Early spring weather consisted of frequent dry windy days with almost daily freezing and thawing of the surface soil through March and early April. The frequent freezing and thawing coupled with low relative humidity broke down the surface soil structure leaving it quite powdery. All five crops, camelina, canola yellow mustard, flax and safflower, had their highest 2008 yield from the April 17th seed date (Table 1). The germination and emergence of seedlings from the April 17th seed date occurred after area temperatures dropped below zero and wind driven snirt (snow & dirt) grated on emerged plant tissue. Earlier emerging seedlings experienced more weather related stress and some mortality. In general, Moccasin yields of cool season oilseeds, camelina, canola and yellow mustard are reduced when seeding is delayed till mid April (Table 2 & Fig. 1). The need to get cool season oilseed crops seeded in early spring may not be as critical in areas with similar growing season temperatures and deeper soils (greater plant available water) or more July precipitation.Item Evaluation of Fall Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Line Performance (Western Regional Winter Dry Pea and Lentil Evaluation Trials) (2008)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; McPhee, K.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper evaluates winter hardiness of fall seeded winter dry pea and lentil lines. A difference in spring stand (visual evaluation) amongst the winter pea lines was exhibited, with Granger Austrian winter pea having the best stand, but was significantly similar to five other lines (Table 3). Upon visual observations, large differences in winter survival among the winter lentil lines were observed (Table 4). Turkish-type (“T”) lines LC02600449T and LC03600295T had the poorest spring stands with an average score of 1.6 and 1.8 (out of possible of 5), respectively.Item 2008 Western Regional Spring Dry Pea and Lentil Evaluations(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) McPhee, K.; Vandemark, G.; Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; Heser, J.This paper evaluates dry pea and lentil selections from the USDA-ARS Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology program in Pullman, Washington, for grain production potential in Central Montana. Dry pea grain yields were much below long-term means and is thought to be due to poor sub-soil moisture, a hail storm, snow and record lows in mid-June, and an insect (pea leaf weevil) infestation. The trial grain yield mean was 1,038 lbs acre-1 (converted to 13% grain moisture - field grain moisture was 923 lbs acre-1; Table 3). The smooth yellow line PS03101822 had the greatest grain production at 13% moisture, averaging 1,282 lbs acre-1, but was not significantly greater than the smooth green line PS03101445 (based on LSD0.05). Lentil grain yields averaged (at 13% moisture) 1,688 lbs acre-1, which was the best Western Regional lentil production at Moccasin since the 2000 crop-year, which averaged an all-time best of 2300 lbs acre-1 at 13% grain moisture (Table 4). At field grain moisture, the Turkish-red line LC01601724T had the highst grain production (not significant). When yields were converted to 13% grain moisture, Eston had the greatest grain production (1,883 lbs acre-1; not significant based on LSD0.05).Item 2008 Statewide Spring Dry Pea and Lentil Variety Evaluations(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; Carlson, G. R.; Miller, John H.; Stougaard, Robert N.; Strang, L.; Westcott, M.; Knox, M.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Miller, Perry R.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Tarum, M.; Koenig, V.This paper evaluates spring dry pea and lentil varieties for grain production potential in diverse Montana environments. Dry pea grain yields were respectable among most of the testing sites (Table 3). Havre had the greatest production, with a trial average (converted to 13% moisture) of nearly 65 bushels acre-1 (65.6 bu/acre – 3,868 lbs/acre). Moccasin had the worst yield averaging less than 17 bushels acre-1 (16.1 bu/acre - 986 lbs/acre) which is much below long-term means and is thought to be due to poor sub-soil moisture, hail damage, snow and record lows in mid-June, and an insect infestation. As expected, no single entry was the top yielding variety at every location. However, the smooth yellow line PS9910140 did top the trial yields at three locations, and was among the top cultivars in the other locations. Lentil grain yields ranged from 450 to 2300 lbs acre-1 and were respectable across the state (Table 7), with the exceptions being Conrad (450 lbs acre-1), which had a poor stand establishment and Sidney (trial abandoned), which had poor soil moisture at seeding and experienced drought-like conditions through the growing season. Differences in grain yield between the dry pea and lentil trials at Moccasin can be attributed to planting of the lentil trial in a different field, which contained better stored soil moisture. The “Richlea”-type lentil line LC01602300R showed the greatest seed production at three of the six sites, with a grain yield ranging from 9.0 (at Conrad) to over 44 bushels acre-1 (Creston), but was not significant at any location (based on LSD0.05).Item 2008 India, Australia and Western Regional Chickpea Line Evaluations(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) McPhee, K.; Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; Heser, J.This paper evaluates chickpea selections from the India, Australia and the USDA-ARS Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology program in Pullman, Washington, for grain production potential in Central Montana. Chickpea grain yields were exceptional at Moccasin, with the trial averaging 1,248 lbs per acre (at 13% grain moisture; Table 3). As a whole, the India and Australia Lines were superior to the USDA line and three check varieties. These lines are in the Small Kabuli and Desi-type chickpeas versus the traditional Large Kabuli-type, as are the check varieties and USDA-ARS lines. Historically, small Kabuli and Desi-type chickpeas perform better at CARC. The Australian Desi-type Line AC48111 had the greatest grain production (at 13% moisture) with 1,478 lbs acre-1, but was only significantly greater (based on LSD0.05) than six other India and Australia lines and all but one of the USDA-ARS lines.Item Western Regional Dry Pea, Lentil and Chickpea Trials (2007)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2007) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; McPhee, K.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Neill, Karnes E.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper evaluates dry pea, lentil and chickpea lines for grain production potential in dryland environments. Dry pea grain yields averaged 1,422 lbs of dry pea production per acre (Table 3). Delta smooth yellow pea had the highest grain production (1,627 lbs acre-1) but was not significantly higher than eight other pea lines (based on LSD(0.05)). Lentil yields were suppressed and may have been due to a growing nematode problem in adjacent fields (not confirmed in field trial established). The trial averaged 955.1 lbs per acre (Table 4). The “Brewer”-type lentil, Merrit, produced the most seed, averaging 1128.0 lbs acre-1, but was not statistically higher (based on LSD0.05) than eight other lines. Chickpea grain yields averaged 758.5 lbs of grain production per acre (Table 5.). Dylan kabuli-type chickpea produced the most grain (978.8 lbs acre-1), but was significantly similar to line CA0090B347C (based on LSD0.05).Item Evaluation of Fall Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Line Performance (Western Regional Winter Dry Pea and Lentil Evaluation Trials) (2007)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2007) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; McPhee, K.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper evaluates winter hardiness of fall seeded winter dry pea and lentil lines. A difference in spring stand (visual evaluation) amongst the winter pea lines was exhibited, with Granger Austrian winter pea having the best stand, but was significantly similar to five other lines (Table 3). Upon visual observations, large differences in winter survival among the winter lentil lines were observed (Table 4). Turkish-type (“T”) lines LC02600449T and LC03600295T had the poorest spring stands with an average score of 1.6 and 1.8 (out of possible of 5), respectively.Item Western Regional Dry Pea, Lentil and Chickpea Trials (2005)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2005) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; McPhee, K.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Neill, Karnes E.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper evaluates dry pea, lentil and chickpea lines for grain production potential in dryland environments. Due to wet conditions in late April, the trials were seeded later (May 3rd) than desirable. As a result, yields were significantly depressed. Grain yields are reported as both harvest moisture and 12% moisture equivalent.