College of Letters & Science

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The College of Letters and Science, the largest center for learning, teaching and research at Montana State University, offers students an excellent liberal arts and sciences education in nearly 50 majors, 25 minors and over 25 graduate degrees within the four areas of the humanities, natural sciences, mathematics and social sciences.

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An Apsaalooke view for educational leadership
(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2019) Cummins, Jason Dean; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: William Ruff
There have been many calls for Native American communities to be given more self-determination in the education of their children. Yet despite these calls for allowing Native American parents to be included in the education of their children this is not happening (Bird, Lee and Lopez, 2013). In this study the researcher utilizes an Indigenous research methodology adhering the cultural protocols of the Apsaalooke nation and building upon the 4 R's, which are respect, relevance, reciprocity and responsibility (Kirkness & Barnhardt, 1991). This research allowed Apsaalooke tribal members, identified through the protocols of the Ashammaliaxxiia to voice their perspective and expectations for school leaders who serve students in their communities. There were formal interviews, informal visits and personal communications. The research questions that guided this study are: 1. What kind of behavior and actions do Apsaalooke tribal members expect from school leaders such as principals and superintendents serving their students? 2. How can school leaders work well with parents and leaders in the Apsaalooke community? 3. What do Apsaalooke tribal members want school leaders to know and be aware of in the education of the children of the tribe? From the research four salient themes emerged which are: 1. A leaders first job is to learn; 2. Lead through relationships; 3. Crows take education seriously; 4. The preservation of Apsaalooke identity and culture. Seventeen tribal members participated in the study. From the study the researcher found that leaders need to respect the community and build authentic relationships within it by being present and connected to the community. Lead the school with those relationships within the informal leadership model in the community in a more flattened model based on the respect of and the character possessed by influential leaders, rather than a hierarchical one, as well as defend those relationships. Understand the Apsaalooke want their student to achieve academically and help parents to support their students in this and hire and retain quality teachers. Support the preservation and perpetuation of the Apsaalooke way of life.
Belief ways of the Apsaalooke: development of a culture through time and space
(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 2016) Bull Chief, Emerson Lee; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Matthew Herman
The purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate the oral history of the Apsaalooke for connections to the four Native science foundations. I interviewed the Crow Cultural Cabinet Head to attain the stories for each religion. I then compared the content of each story to the four foundations and found the connections that corresponded. The Clan System connected to the community foundation. The Sweat Lodge connected to the environment foundation. The Sacred Pipe ceremony connected to the language foundation and the Sacred Tobacco Society connected to the spirituality foundation. Although these connections were developed, there are many more that can be made interchangeably. The four foundations of Native science and the four belief ways of the Apsaalooke complemented each other.
A study of perceptions on educational values of post high school Crow Indian students
(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Business, 1996) Yarlott, David, Jr.; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Norman L. Millikin
The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of post high school Crow Indian students as to the value of education. Surveys were distributed among 150 post high school Crow Indian students assisted by the Crow Higher Education Department. The distribution of the survey was among four subgroups from the population; administrators, college graduates in other professions, current students, and students who did not complete college. Conclusions of the survey are: 1) Most of the respondents feel a need for education beyond high school, not only from the educational standpoint, but also for economic and social reasons. 2) A large obstacle to obtaining higher education is meeting financial needs. 3) The most valuable subjects are Reading, Writing, and Speech, in that order. 4) Meeting the cost of education is the highest motivator for continuing higher education. 5) Family support and the location of the school makes a difference in enrollment decisions. 6) Factors that influence career decision making is higher with family members than high school experiences. The recommendations of the study are: 1) Provide good jobs, as incentives, for students that graduate from a Higher Education Institution and return to the Crow Indian Reservation. 2) Develop a program to increase awareness for opportunities and societal improvements with additional education. 3) Increase funding for students that are attending Higher Educational Institutions. 4) Develop a support program to track students progress. 5) Become a bigger factor in improving preparatory courses for Institutions of Higher Learning at the local high schools. 6) Promote Little Big Horn College as a vehicle for a better social, economic, and self-development environment for the entire Crow Tribal population. 7) Promote, request, encourage, and finance research that benefits the Crow Tribe.
English achievement of seventh grade Crow Indian students and proposed ways of improving their language skills in the Hardin public schools
(Montana State University - Bozeman, 1963) Dyche, Steven E.
An evaluation of the Crow Indian 4-H programs
(Montana State University - Bozeman, 1971) Weber, Robert Art; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Gerald D. Sullivan
During the winter of 1971, a survey was undertaken to assess the 4-H program on the Crow reservation in Montana. The survey was conducted to determine new ways to develop a 4-H program that would be more acceptable to the Crow people. A 4-H interview form was developed to survey five areas of influence on the Crow reservation that are felt to be significant in determining how to develop some new approaches to improve the Crow Indian 4-H program. A population of twenty-five people were surveyed, five of which were white 4-H club leaders and twenty who were Crow Indian adults. An extensive survey was also made of literature related to working with disadvantaged low income youth. The literature covered thirteen books and twenty-eight periodicals. Seven areas of study were surveyed. The information presented in Table 2 indicates that twenty (80.0 percent) of the population surveyed would like to have their youth learn skills and values that are related to the Crow culture. This information is in agreement with what Crow parents say about the 4-H program and what they would like their youth to learn as 4-H members. It was recommended that in the future that the Crow Indian 4-H program include projects and activities that are more closely related to the Crow Indian culture. The knowledge gained from the study of the seven areas of related literature was accomplished to develop ethnic sensitivity essential to working with disadvantaged Indian youth and adults. This information combined with the facts recorded from the questionnaire has provided definite information and insights that are intended to be used as guidelines for developing future 4-H programs with the Crow people by the present Extension staff assigned to the Crow reservation.
Absarog-Issawua (from the land of the Crow Indians)
(Montana State University - Bozeman, 1970) Toineeta, Joy Yellowtail
"This is an original piece of research into the Crow Indian uses of native plants and animals for food and medicinal, as well as other purposes. Incorporated into the manuscript are introductory legends or incidents surrounding or accompanying the recipes."
A study of educational achievements of Crow Indian students
(Montana State University - Bozeman, 1979) Stops, William Galen; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Elnora A. Old Coyote
A readiness program for the Crow Indians
(Montana State University - Bozeman, 1970) Bradley, Susanna Louise Remple
A comparative study of Crow Indian students attending an Indian-controlled reservation school and a non-Indian-controlled off-reservation school
(Montana State University - Bozeman, 1978) Lefthand, Sara Louise Young
A study of parental attitudes toward public education on the Crow reservation
(Montana State University - Bozeman, 1978) Holden, Kenneth Warren
Studies parental attitudes toward public education in Crow Agency, Wyola, Lodge Grass, and Pryor. Conclusions offer suggestions how to make a school a true expression of the Indian community's hopes and needs. This could help minimize culture conflicts. Local control of schools would also add immeasurably to Indian self-respect.

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