Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
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Item The selection of native plants for use in the Montana landscape: selection criteria, aesthetic, cultural and environmental evaluation(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1985) Bruce, Shelly Marie Engler; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Richard K. PohlDuring the past 15 years the landscape industry has experienced increased pressure to use native plants as ornamentals. Although a demand for natives in general exists there has been a relunctance on the part of the industry to offer native species because of the economic risks involved. An ornamental scorecard was developed as an evaluation tool for comparing native plant species with plant species currently available on the ornamental market. The scorecard evaluated 24 native Montana plant species and 20 exotic ornamentals commonly used in the landscape industry in Montana. The aesthetic scorecard rated six visual characteristics using color photographs. Scored were form/habit, flower, fruit, bark, leaf, and seasonal characteristics. The thirteen environmental factors evaluated by the environmental scorecard were transplantability, lifespan, propagation, maintenance/cleanliness, soil texture and pH, moisture regime adaptability (both drought and flood tolerance), exposure tolerances (temperature, light, and wind), insect resistance, and disease resistance. Species were scored by a panel of professional evaluators in the botany, horticulture, nursery and landscape design/architecture fields. These scores allow selection of native plant species with visual and/or functional qualities that are of equal or greater value than those exhibited by plants already available on the retail market, and thus exhibit competitive marketing potential.Item Restoration of spotted knapweed infested grasslands in Glacier National Park(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2003) Stringer, Lewis Tipton; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Catherine A. ZabinskiThere is an immediate and on-going need in Glacier National Park (GNP), and other public and private lands, to determine effective methods to re-establish and sustain native plant populations following control treatments of Centaurea maculosa. My research was developed in response to GNP concerns regarding annual herbicide treatment of C. maculosa invaded sites. The aim of this study was to determine if herbicide applications, site preparation and revegetation methods would increase the density and percent cover of native species, while reducing spotted knapweed at two sites in and near Glacier National Park. A priori contrast analysis was used to determine differences in treatment effects. The results of my experiment show that spot spray herbicide application reduced C. maculosa cover without significantly reducing existing native forbs. However, a repeat-herbicide application increased exotic graminoid cover. Tillage reduced the density of C. maculosa seedlings, but resulted in an increase in C. maculosa percent cover, and an overall decline in native forbs. Revegetation methods had limited success at increasing native species, and reducing C. maculosa. The only effect was at Swift Current, where the percent cover of native forbs was significantly higher with the planting treatment, and most pronounced in plots with repeat-herbicide application. Additionally, we measured the composition and density of the seed bank in C. maculosa dominated sites using the seedling emergence method. C. maculosa density was 3,900 and 6,714 seeds / m 2 at the two sites, which was 2 and 3 times higher than the sum of all other species. Seed bank composition and density needs to be considered in efforts to restore C. maculosa infested areas.Item A central business district community center for Livingston, Montana(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 1987) Rothing, Carita A.; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Robert T. MeekerJames Barker states in his book 'Small Town as an Art Object' that "for a long time it has been said that a small town is a good place to be from, but now for the first time the serious question is being raised as to whether or not the small town might not be a good place to go." In fact, the population polls done in 1980 have indicated that "for the first time in our nation's history more people are moving away from cities and their established suburbs than are moving to them." The first purpose of this thesis is to define who is migrating to small towns and why they are migrating. Secondly, I plan to deal with Livingston, Montana and how it, as a small town, could benefit from this population shift. And thirdly, I will propose a facility which will adapt this agrarian focused community to the needs and demands of its current and future population.Item Butte, Montana central business district redevelopment(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 1986) Murray, Marcus P.; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Robert T. MeekerThe overall objective of this Thesis is to provide in the C. B. D. an activity center which serves to reinforce existing nuclear facilities, as well as to bring increased activity to the entire C. B. D. It is hoped that if this activity center is successful, it will lead to a phased redevelopment, over time, of the entire C. B. D., as Butte' s economy and population grow.Item Study of M.C. Escher(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 1985) Axford, Robert; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Clark LlewellynThis thesis has been set up according to the following premises. The project has been initiated by a wealthy benefactor through the M.C. Escher Foundation, Haags Gemeentemuseum, The Hague, Netherlands. In recognition of his appreciation for the delight and inspiration which Escher has given him, this benefactor has agreed to fund a project, the intent of which is to: 1. Gain insight into M.C. Escher's character and art works. 2. Using the three hundred block of the Eighth Avenue Mall in Calgary, Alberta, redesign the mall based on the analysis of M.C. Escher's character and art works. The design should be considered an opportunity to create an "architectural playground."Item Portland Conservatory of Music(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 1988) Olinger, Michael J.Music and architecture are the two Arts that we come in contact with most in our lives. Through the mass media, music infiltrates our conscious and subconscious almost every waking hour: muzak, advertisement jingles, and even the Evening News has a theme song. The built environment surrounds us to an even greater extent in its fulfillment of the basic human need of shelter. It would seem then that music, literature, painting and drama as well, are superfulous to mankind's existence because their raison d'etre is not procreative in nature. But these Arts have flourished along with architecture; they are all integral pieces of what we consider culture. The thread that binds music and architecture must be deeper than a functional need, since caves and tepees provided shelter long before Architecture did and music supposedly has no functional purpose. To explore these links in the specific realms of music and architecture I asked three questions: Why? What? and How?Item A congregate housing facility for the elderly(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 1983) Architecture 354, Design Studio [class], Montana State University ; professor, Christian Bergum.The focus of this project is a housing facility design for the elderly, who, because of illness, fear of living alone, or inability to take care of themselves, seek protection, in congregate living. Congregate living for the elderly means simply that a group of unrelated elderly people come together to live in the same place considered "home". Home means many things to many people but one requirement most everyone would agree upon is as Webester says, "relaxed and comfortable", you know you belong. It is not so strange to think of such a home as an institution whose primary concern is to provide shelter and, unfortunatly, a very static way of living. Therefore, congregate living encourages an environment where the older person, IS a person, with wants and needs that deserve respect and special attention; to combine social, physical and human activities according to each person; the home should stimulate and relieve bordom through useful activity. A consideration that should be emphasised is that the home make an effort to fit its accommodations to the individual rather than having the individual make adjustments to the rules and regulations of the home.Item Seattle's homeless : the Belltown Cafe & Shelter(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 1988) Johnson, Shawn L.This study represents an exploration of current homeless issues, the crisis across the nation. It addresses the contemporary social and architectural theories, case studies, and resultant precedents. This will culminate with a specific focus on Seattle, Washington's homeless issues and demographics. Finally, the accumulated data will find expression through the design of an emergency shelter/commercial "soup kitchen" in Seattle's Belltown area. For, "at one time or another, most homeless must rely on shelter providers and soup kitchen operators." This study represents a small part of a greater process to "propagate and deepen awareness, an awareness which, when carried to its inevitable conclusion, will result in the elimination of homelessness." I hope to further broaden the dialogue on housing the homeless. For, inevitably, "the epidemic of homelessness is growing far faster than the remedies." "Quality shelter must be provided. Who more than architects should be concerned and involved in the creation of shelter?" It has been documented that "Whenever decent, humane shelter has been made available, willing recipients have made ready use of it."Item Urban supermarket(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 1990) Brown, Michael Charles; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Pamela Jean BancroftFor my thesis I have chosen to design a new archetype; the urban supermarket. The supermarkets we shop in today are mere variations on a theme; large warehouses with a decorated facade and superimposed graphics designating one not so clearly defined department from the other. It is my intention to restructure this theme by rearranging the format and placing it in an urban context. I have recently become aware of the need to provide food stores for the increasing number of people who are returning to the downtown areas to take up residency. The small corner grocery store is no longer adequate for the hundreds of people now living in high-rise apartment complexes. It is my hope that this thesis project will begin to show what can be done to solve this need.Item Beyond shelter : a theoretical approach to housing design(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 1990) Downhour, Jeffery Robert; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Ralph JohnsonThe goal of this thesis is to create a housing complex suitable for all people through the integration of an existential space theory with the realities of shelter, house, and dwelling.