Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
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The mission of the Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department is to serve the State of Montana, the region, and the nation by providing outstanding leadership and contributions in knowledge discovery, student learning, innovation and entrepreneurship, and service to community and profession.
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Item Three Decades of Advancements in Osteoarthritis Research: Insights from Transcriptomic, Proteomic, and Metabolomic Studies(Elsevier BV, 2023-12) Farooq Rai, Muhammad; Collins, Kelsey H.; Lang, Annemarie; Maerz, Tristan; Geurts, Jeroen; Ruiz-Romero, Cristina; June, Ronald K.; Ramos, Yolande; Rice, Sarah J.; Ali, Shabana Amanda; Pastrello, Chiara; Jurisica, Igor; Appleton, C. Thomas; Rockel, Jason S.; Kapoor, MohitObjective. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease involving contributions from both local joint tissues and systemic sources. Patient characteristics, encompassing sociodemographic and clinical variables, are intricately linked with OA rendering its understanding challenging. Technological advancements have allowed for a comprehensive analysis of transcripts, proteomes and metabolomes in OA tissues/fluids through omic analyses. The objective of this review is to highlight the advancements achieved by omic studies in enhancing our understanding of OA pathogenesis over the last three decades. Design. We conducted an extensive literature search focusing on transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics within the context of OA. Specifically, we explore how these technologies have identified individual transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, as well as distinctive endotype signatures from various body tissues or fluids of OA patients, including insights at the single-cell level, to advance our understanding of this highly complex disease. Results. Omic studies reveal the description of numerous individual molecules and molecular patterns within OA-associated tissues and fluids. This includes the identification of specific cell (sub)types and associated pathways that contribute to disease mechanisms. However, there remains a necessity to further advance these technologies to delineate the spatial organization of cellular subtypes and molecular patterns within OA-afflicted tissues. Conclusions. Leveraging a multi-omics approach that integrates datasets from diverse molecular detection technologies, combined with patients’ clinical and sociodemographic features, and molecular and regulatory networks, holds promise for identifying unique patient endophenotypes. This holistic approach can illuminate the heterogeneity among OA patients and, in turn, facilitate the development of tailored therapeutic interventions.Item Subchondral bone structure and synovial fluid metabolism are altered in injured and contralateral limbs 7 days after non-invasive joint injury in skeletally-mature C57BL/6 mice(Elsevier BV, 2022-12) Hislop, B. D.; Devine, C.; June, R. K.; Heveran, Chelsea M.Objective. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) commonly develops after ACL injury, but early changes to the joint soon after injury are insufficiently understood. The objectives of this study were (1) evaluate the response of subchondral bone tissue modulus to joint injury and (2) identify which bone structural, material, and metabolic outcomes are local (i.e., injured joint only) or systemic (i.e., injured and contralateral-to-injured). Design. Female C57Bl∖6N mice (19 weeks at injury) underwent tibial compression overload to simulate ACL injury (n = 8) or a small pre-load (n = 8). Synovial fluid was harvested at euthanasia 7 days later for metabolomic profiling. Bone outcomes included epiphyseal and SCB microarchitecture, SCB nanoindentation modulus, SCB formation rate, and osteoclast number density. Results. Injury decreased epiphyseal bone volume fraction ([-5.29, −1.38%], P = 0.0016) and decreased SCB thickness for injured vs sham-injured limbs ([2.2, 31.4 μm], P = 0.017)). Epiphyseal bone loss commonly occurred for contralateral-to-injured limbs. There was not sufficient evidence to conclude that SCB modulus changes with injury. Metabolomic analyses revealed dysregulated synovial fluid metabolism with joint injury but that many metabolic pathways are shared between injured and contralateral-to-injured limbs.Conclusion. This study demonstrates rapid changes to bone structure and synovial fluid metabolism after injury with the potential for influencing the progression to PTOA. These changes are often evidenced in the contralateral-to-injured limb, indicating that systemic musculoskeletal responses to joint injury should not be overlooked.Item Subchondral bone structure and synovial fluid metabolism are altered in injured and contralateral limbs 7 days after non-invasive joint injury in skeletally-mature C57BL/6 mice(Elsevier BV, 2022-12) Hislop, B.D.; Devine, C.; June, R.K.; Heveran, Chelsea M.Objective: Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) commonly develops after ACL injury, but early changes to the joint soon after injury are insufficiently understood. The objectives of this study were (1) evaluate the response of subchondral bone tissue modulus to joint injury and (2) identify which bone structural, material, and metabolic outcomes are local (i.e., injured joint only) or systemic (i.e., injured and contralateral-to-injured). Design: Female C57Bl\6N mice (19 weeks at injury) underwent tibial compression overload to simulate ACL injury (n ¼ 8) or a small pre-load (n ¼ 8). Synovial fluid was harvested at euthanasia 7 days later for metabolomic profiling. Bone outcomes included epiphyseal and SCB microarchitecture, SCB nano- indentation modulus, SCB formation rate, and osteoclast number density. Results: Injury decreased epiphyseal bone volume fraction ([-5.29, 1.38%], P ¼ 0.0016) and decreased SCB thickness for injured vs sham-injured limbs ([2.2, 31.4 mm], P ¼ 0.017)). Epiphyseal bone loss commonly occurred for contralateral-to-injured limbs. There was not sufficient evidence to conclude that SCB modulus changes with injury. Metabolomic analyses revealed dysregulated synovial fluid metabolism with joint injury but that many metabolic pathways are shared between injured and contralateral-to-injured limbs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates rapid changes to bone structure and synovial fluid metabolism after injury with the potential for influencing the progression to PTOA. These changes are often evidenced in the contralateral-to-injured limb, indicating that systemic musculoskeletal responses to joint injury should not be overlooked.