Browsing by Author "Lamb, Peggy F."

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Characterization of resistance to Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in barley germplasm
(2018-04) Varella, Andrea C.; Talbert, Luther E.; Achhami, Buddhi B.; Blake, Nancy K.; Hofland, Megan L.; Sherman, Jamie D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Reddy, Gadi V. P.; Weaver, David K.
Most barley cultivars have some degree of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (WSS), Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). Damage caused by WSS is currently observed in fields of barley grown in the Northern Great Plains, but the impact of WSS damage among cultivars due to genetic differences within the barley germplasm is not known. Specifically, little is known about the mechanisms underlying WSS resistance in barley. We characterized WSS resistance in a subset of the spring barley CAP (Coordinated Agricultural Project) germplasm panel containing 193 current and historically important breeding lines from six North American breeding programs. Panel lines were grown in WSS infested fields for two consecutive years. Lines were characterized for stem solidness, stem cutting, WSS infestation (antixenosis), larval mortality (antibiosis), and parasitism (indirect plant defense). Variation in resistance to WSS in barley was compared to observations made for solid-stemmed resistant and hollow-stemmed susceptible wheat lines. Results indicate that both antibiosis and antixenosis are involved in the resistance of barley to the WSS, but antibiosis seems to be more prevalent. Almost all of the barley lines had greater larval mortality than the hollow-stemmed wheat lines, and only a few barley lines had mortality as low as that observed in the solid-stemmed wheat line. Since barley lines lack solid stems, it is apparent that barley has a different form of antibiosis. Our results provide information for use of barley in rotation to control the WSS and may provide a basis for identification of new approaches for improving WSS resistance in wheat.
Characterization of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly in spring wheat landrace accessions from targeted geographic regions of the world
(2017-07) Varella, Andrea C.; Weaver, David K.; Cook, Jason P.; Blake, Nancy K.; Hofland, Megan L.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Talbert, Luther E.
Plant landraces have long been recognized as potential gene pools for biotic and abiotic stress-related genes. This research used spring wheat landrace accessions to identify new sources of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (WSS) (Cephus cinctus Norton), an important insect pest of wheat in the northern Great Plains of North America. Screening efforts targeted 1409 accessions from six geographical areas of the world where other species of grain sawflies are endemic or where a high frequency of accessions possesses the resistance characteristic of solid stems. Resistance was observed in approximately 14% of accessions. Half of the lines displayed both antixenosis and antibiosis types of resistance. Among the resistant accessions, 41% had solid or semi-solid stems. Molecular genetic screening for haplotypes at the solid stem QTL, Qss.msub.3BL, showed that 15% of lines shared the haplotype derived from \'S-615\', the original donor of the solid stem trait to North American germplasm. Other haplotypes associated with solid stems were also observed. Haplotype diversity was greater in the center of origin of wheat. Evaluation of a representative set of resistant landrace accessions in replicated field trials at four locations over a three year period identified accessions with potential genes for reduced WSS infestation, increased WSS mortality, and increased indirect defense via parasitoids. Exploitation of distinct types of plant defense will expand the genetic diversity for WSS resistance currently present in elite breeding lines.
Evaluation of Dry Field Pea for Forage Production in Montana (Uniform Dry Pea Forage Trial) (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Kephart, Ken D.; Knox, M.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, Perry R.; Westcott, M.
This report evaluates Austrian winter pea variety forage production in pure stands and with a companion cereal forage (Haybet hay barley) under different cropping and environmental conditions in Montana. Average dry matter forage production under dryland conditions was 3,320 pounds per acre (1.7 tons/acre) and under irrigation was 7,044 pounds per acre (3.5 tons/acre; Table 26). Haybet hay barley was the top dry forage producer at all sites (significant under irrigation), having an average dryland production of 4,389 lbs/acre (2.2 tons/acre) and an irrigated average production of 10,980 pounds per acre (5.5 tons/acre). Dry pea varieties mixed with barley had higher yields compared to pure stands (not significant at Bozeman). When all peas and pea/barley mixed plots were combined and compared with pure barley forage production, pure pea plots had significantly lower yields under both cropping conditions (Table 27). Under irrigation, the pea/barley mixed plots also had significantly lower forage yields than pure barley stands. These differences may be attributed to the disparity in total plot (pea + barley in mixed plots) stand densities between pure pea, pure barley and mixed plots under dryland (8, 12, and 12 plants/ft2, respectively) and irrigated conditions (10, 21 and 17 plants/ft2; see Table 24).
Evaluation of Dry Field Pea for Forage Production in Montana (Uniform Dry Pea Forage Trial) (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Cash, S.D.; Johnson, D.; Kephart, Ken D.; Knox, M.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Strang, L.; Westcott, M.
This report evaluates Austrian winter pea variety forage yield performance in pure stands and with a companion cereal forage (Haybet hay barley) under different cropping and environmental conditions in Montana. Since 1999, pure Haybet hay barley stands had the highest dry matter forage production under both dryland and irrigated conditions (significant under dryland), with an average annual forage production of 3,600 and 9,694 pounds per acre under dryland and irrigation, respectively (Table 30). Dry pea cultivars mixed with barley had significantly higher yields than their pure dry pea equivalents. Dry matter protein contents were highest in the pure Sioux Austrian winter pea stands under both dryland and irrigated sites (Table 31). However, total protein production was greatest (although not significantly) for the Melrose Austrian winter pea mixed with barley plots and Granger Austrian winter pea mixed with barley plots under dryland and irrigated sites, respectively. By combining treatment effects, pure Haybet hay barley consistently out-yielded dry pea/barley mixed and pure dry pea treatments (Table 32). Quality analysis, by measure of dry matter protein content, indicates that, although pure pea stands and mixed dry pea stands have higher protein contents, no significant differences in protein yield were seen among treatments (Table 33).
Evaluation of environment and cultivar impact on lentil protein, starch, mineral nutrients, and yield
(Wiley, 2021-12) Chen, Chengci; Etemadi, Fatemeh; Franck, William; Franck, Sooyoung; Abdelhamid, Magdi T.; Ahmadi, Jafar; Mohammed, Yesuf Assen; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, John H.; Carr, Patrick M.; McPhee, Kevin; Zhou, Yi; Torabian, Shahram; Qin, Ruijun
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important source of protein, starch, and mineral nutrients in many parts of the world. However, the impact of environment and cultivar on the enrichment of these nutrients is not well understood. Four lentil cultivars (‘Avondale’, ‘CDC Richlea’, ‘CDC Maxim’, and ‘CDC Imvincible’) varying in color, seed size, and maturity were evaluated at five Montana locations with diverse climatic and soil conditions over 3 yr. Significant cultivar, location, and year effects were found for yield, protein, starch, and minerals. Grain protein concentration was the highest at Moccasin (262 g kg−1) and lowest at Richland (246 g kg−1), whereas starch concentration was the highest at Richland (455 g kg−1) and lowest at Moccasin(441gkg−1). Among cultivars, Avondale was the top yielding cultivar (1965 kg ha−1)and adaptable to most of the environments; CDC Imvincible was the top protein producer (265 g kg−1); and CDC Richlea is the leading starch producer (456 g kg−1). Grain protein concentration was negatively correlated with starch. Lentil grains varied in nutrient concentrations across locations, with the north central Montana region producing 10- to 20-times greater selenium concentration than other locations. CDC Maxim had the highest iron (62.1 mg kg−1) and zinc (31.5 mg kg−1) concentrations.Seed protein concentration was positively correlated with phosphorus, sulfur, cop-per, and boron. Seed starch is positively correlated with magnesium and manganese.Results suggest that plant breeding and production site selection could enrich lentil nutrient concentrations to help combat malnutrition in the world.
Evaluation of wheat stem sawfly‐resistant solid stem Qss.msub‐3BL alleles in hard red winter wheat
(Wiley, 2023-01) Wong, Mei Ling; Bruckner, Philip L.; Berg, Jim E.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Hofland, Megan L.; Caron, Christopher G.; Heo, Hwa‐Young; Blake, Nancy K.; Weaver, David K.; Cook, Jason P.
Host plant resistance provided by solid stems has been the most effective means for mitigating wheat stem sawfly (WSS) (Cephus cinctus Norton) damage in spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The solid stem trait originates from the spring wheat cultivar “Rescue” and is associated with a quantitative trait locus allele Qss.msub-3BL.b that explains the majority of the variation for stem solidness. Recently, a new Qss.msub-3BL solid stem allele, designated Qss.msub-3BL.c, was identified in the spring wheat cultivar “Conan”. It produces a solid stem phenotype early in plant development but dissipates during plant growth. The Qss.msub-3BL.c allele provides effective WSS resistance in spring wheat but has not been tested in winter wheat. To examine if the Qss.msub-3BL.c allele provides adequate WSS resistance in winter wheat, near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed using marker-assisted backcrossing. This enabled comparisons between the hollow stem Qss.msub-3BL.a, solid stem Qss.msub-3BL.b and solid stem Qss.msub-3BL.c alleles for stem solidness, WSS resistance, and agronomic traits in Montana growing environments. Compared to the hollow stem allele, the NILs with the Qss.msub-3BL.c allele increased stem solidness and reduced WSS stem cutting. However, the Qss.msub-3BL.c allele resulted in lower solid stem scores and greater WSS stem cutting compared to the Qss.msub-3BL.b allele. Overall, these findings indicate that the Qss.msub-3BL.c allele failed to provide sufficient WSS resistance in the winter wheat backgrounds tested in this study.
Genotypic variability in root length in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivars in a semi-arid environment based on mini-rhizotron image capture
(Wiley, 2022-01) Bourgault, Maryse; Lamb, Peggy F.; McPhee, Kevin; McGee, Rebecca J.; Vandenberg, Albert; Warkentin, Tom
Physiological breeding is an approach that complements conventional breeding by providing characterizations of traits present in breeding populations. This allows breeders the ability to choose crosses based on desirable and adaptive traits, an approach that may be more reliable than selection on yield alone. In this study, we determined how much genotypic variability was present in selected lines of modern field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivars from Montana, North Dakota, Washington, and Saskatchewan, Canada, and if root growth, particularly at depth, improves the fitness of lines to semi-arid environments. We conducted experiments at the Northern Agricultural Research Center of Montana State University from 2017 to 2019 inclusively to investigate root growth with mini-rhizotrons in 29 field pea lines and 25 lentil lines. Results suggest there is large genotypic variability in root length across the soil profile and the proportion of root length found below 30 cm in both crops, and these root traits appear independent of each other. In field pea, the highest yielding cultivars were intermediary in both total root length and the proportion of root length below 30 cm, suggesting large root systems and/or deeper root profiles are not necessarily beneficial in this environment. By contrast, in lentil, total root length and root length found below 30 cm was well correlated with biomass and yield. For breeders interested in in improved adaptation to semi-arid environments, it may be too early to optimize root systems, and above-ground traits may still yield a better return on investment.
Introducing cover crops as a fallow replacement in the Northern Great Plains: I. Evaluation of cover crop mixes as a forage source for grazing cattle
(Cambridge University Press, 2021-09) Wyffels, Samuel A.; Bourgault, Maryse; Dafoe, Julia M.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Boss, Darrin L.
Crop-livestock integration has demonstrated that cover crops can be terminated using livestock grazing with minimal negative impacts on soil health, however, provides little information on system-level approaches that mutually benefit soil health and both crop and livestock production. Therefore, the objective of this research was to examine the effects of cover crop mixtures on biomass production, quality and the potential for nitrate toxicity on a dryland wheat-cover crop rotation. This research was conducted at the Montana State University-Northern Agricultural Research Center near Havre, MT (48°29′N, −109°48′W) from 2012 to 2019. This experiment was conducted as a randomized-complete-block design, where 29 individual species were utilized in 15 different cover crop mixtures in a wheat-cover crop rotation. Cover crop mixtures were classified into four treatment groups, including (1) cool-season species, (2) warm-season species dominant, (3) cool and warm-season species mixture (mid-season), and (4) a barley (Hordeum vulgare) control. All cover crop mixtures were terminated at anthesis of cool-season cereal species to avoid volunteer cereal grains in the following wheat crop. At the time of cover crop termination, dry matter forage production was estimated and analyzed for crude protein, total digestible nutrients and nitrates as indicators of forage quality. All mixtures containing oats (Avena sativa) had greater (P ⩽ 0.03) biomass production than other mixtures within their respective treatment groups (cool- and mid-season). Forage biomass was influenced by cover crop treatment group, with the barley producing the greatest (P < 0.01) amount of forage biomass when compared to cool-, mid- and warm-season cover crop treatments. Total digestible nutrients were greater (P < 0.01) in the barley control compared to the cool- and mid-season treatment groups. Crude protein was greatest in the warm-season treatment group (P < 0.01) compared to the barley control, cool- and mid-season treatment groups. The barley control produced fewer nitrates (P ⩽ 0.05) than the cool-, mid- and warm-season treatment groups; however, all cover crop mixtures produced nitrates at levels unsafe for livestock consumption at least one year of the study. The relatively high and variable nitrate levels of all cover crop mixtures across years in this study suggest that forage should be tested for nitrates before grazing. In conclusion, our research suggests that in a dryland wheat-cover crop rotation that requires early-July termination, cool-season cover crop mixtures are the most suitable forage source for livestock grazing most years.
Introducing cover crops as fallow replacement in the Northern Great Plains: II. Impact on following wheat crops
(Cambridge University Press, 2021-12) Bourgault, Maryse; Wyffels, Samuel A.; Dafoe, Julia M.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Boss, Darrin L.
Crop-livestock integration has demonstrated that cover crops can be terminated using livestock grazing with minimal negative impacts on soil health, however, provides little information on system-level approaches that mutually benefit soil health and both crop and livestock production. Therefore, the objective of this research was to examine the effects of cover crop mixtures on biomass production, quality and the potential for nitrate toxicity on a dryland wheat-cover crop rotation. This research was conducted at the Montana State University-Northern Agricultural Research Center near Havre, MT (48°29′N, −109°48′W) from 2012 to 2019. This experiment was conducted as a randomized-complete-block design, where 29 individual species were utilized in 15 different cover crop mixtures in a wheat-cover crop rotation. Cover crop mixtures were classified into four treatment groups, including (1) cool-season species, (2) warm-season species dominant, (3) cool and warm-season species mixture (mid-season), and (4) a barley (Hordeum vulgare) control. All cover crop mixtures were terminated at anthesis of cool-season cereal species to avoid volunteer cereal grains in the following wheat crop. At the time of cover crop termination, dry matter forage production was estimated and analyzed for crude protein, total digestible nutrients and nitrates as indicators of forage quality. All mixtures containing oats (Avena sativa) had greater (P ⩽ 0.03) biomass production than other mixtures within their respective treatment groups (cool- and mid-season). Forage biomass was influenced by cover crop treatment group, with the barley producing the greatest (P < 0.01) amount of forage biomass when compared to cool-, mid- and warm-season cover crop treatments. Total digestible nutrients were greater (P < 0.01) in the barley control compared to the cool- and mid-season treatment groups. Crude protein was greatest in the warm-season treatment group (P < 0.01) compared to the barley control, cool- and mid-season treatment groups. The barley control produced fewer nitrates (P ⩽ 0.05) than the cool-, mid- and warm-season treatment groups; however, all cover crop mixtures produced nitrates at levels unsafe for livestock consumption at least one year of the study. The relatively high and variable nitrate levels of all cover crop mixtures across years in this study suggest that forage should be tested for nitrates before grazing. In conclusion, our research suggests that in a dryland wheat-cover crop rotation that requires early-July termination, cool-season cover crop mixtures are the most suitable forage source for livestock grazing most years.
QTL mapping reveals malt barley quality improvement in two dryland environments associated with extended grain fill and seminal root traits
(Wiley, 2024-05) Williams, Jessica L.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Lutgen, Greg; Lachowiec, Jennifer; Cook, Jason P.; Jensen, Joseph; Bourgault, Maryse; Sherman, Jamie D.
To achieve malt grade and receive full price, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops must meet standards for certain quality traits including percent plump and protein. Terminal drought stress reduces quality and is projected to worsen in barley cultivation areas, underscoring the need for varieties that maintain good malt production with unreliable precipitation. The stay-green trait extends the grain fill phase between heading and maturity and has been linked to stable quality under dry conditions. However, this relationship can be inconsistent and is not well understood. To effectively leverage a longer grain fill phenotype for drought adaptation, a better grasp of its genetics and environmental interaction is needed. Stay-green root system differences have been observed and could be at play. We performed correlation and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on grain fill duration, grain quality, and seminal root traits using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population segregating for stay-green. Agronomic data were collected in four field trials at two distinct semiarid locations, and roots were measured in a greenhouse assay. Earlier heading and later maturity led to improved quality in both locations and more consistent quality between locations. Earlier heading had a greater influence on quality in the drier environment, while later maturity was more impactful in the less dry environment. We observed co-locations of seminal root trait QTLs with grain fill duration and grain quality. These QTLs lay the groundwork for further investigation into root phenotypes associated with stay-green and the deployment of these traits in breeding for drought adaptation.
Registration of ‘Bobcat’ hard red winter wheat
(Wiley, 2020-06) Bruckner, Phil L.; Berg, Jim E.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Kephart, Ken D.; Eberly, J. O.; Miller, John H.; Chen, C.; Torrion, J. A.; Pradhan, G. P.; Ramsfield, R.; Nash, Deanna L.; Holen, D. L.; Cook, J. P.; Gale, S.; Jin, Y.; Kolmer, J.; Chen, X.; Bai, G.
‘Bobcat’ (Reg. no. CV-1161, PI 693235) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2019. Bobcat is of unknown pedigree, derived from a composite of two related single crosses made in 2007: MT0598/98X366-E29-1and 01X258-C1/MT0598. MT0598 is an unreleased, hollow-stem experimental line,and98X366-E29-1and01X258-C1areunreleased,Montana solid-stem experimental lines. Bobcat was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F5:6head row. Bobcat was tested under the experimental numberMTS1588 from 2015 to 2019 in Montana. Quality was evaluated in multilocation Montana trials since 2015. Bobcat is a solid-stem, high-yielding HRW wheat cultivar with medium to high test weight, medium maturity, reduced height (Rht-B1b), medium to high grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality.Bobcat was released for its improved host plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly(Cephus cinctusNort.) conditioned by stem solidness, along with short stature,and improved yield potential relative to ‘Warhorse’, the current predominant solid-stem cultivar in Montana.
Registration of ‘Bobcat’ hard red winter wheat
(Wiley, 2020-06) Bruckner, Phil L.; Berg, Jim E.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Kephart, Ken D.; Eberly, J. O.; Miller, John H.; Chen, C.; Torrion, J. A.; Pradhan, G. P.; Ramsfield, R.; Nash, Deanna L.; Holen, D. L.; Cook, J. P.; Gale, S.; Jin, Y.; Kolmer, J.; Chen, X.; Bai, G.
‘Flathead’ (Reg. no. CV-1164, PI 693237) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019. Flathead was derived from a composite of two very closely related single crosses of the predominant cultivar ‘Yellowstone’ to stripe rust resistant source PI 640431, a hard white spring wheat backcross derivative ofWA007900 that carries stripe rust all-stage resistance genesYr5andYr15.Flat-head was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as anF5:6head row after phenotypic selection for stripe rust resistance at Kalispell,MT. Flathead was tested under the experimental number MT1564 in Montana yield trials from 2015 to 2019. Flathead is a high-yielding HRW wheat cultivar with early maturity,short stature, medium grain protein concentration,excellent milling and baking quality,and a high level of all-stage resistance to predominant races of stripe rust. Flathead was released for its early maturity, improved stripe rust resistance,and improved grain yield relative to other Montana-adapted early heading cultivars.
Registration of ‘Dagmar’ hard red spring wheat
(2020-02) Heo, Hwa-Young; Lanning, Susan P.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Nash, Deanna L.; Wichman, David M.; Eberly, Jed O.; Carr, P.; Kephart, Ken D.; Stougaard, Robert N.; Torrion, Jessica A.; Miller, J.; Chen, Chengci; Holen, Doug L.; Blake, Nancy K.; Talbert, Luther E.
‘Dagmar’ hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV‐1158, PI 690450) was released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station because of its excellent yield potential in dryland areas of Montana, solid stems, and superior end‐use quality. Dagmar was a selection from the cross MT1133/MT1148 and was tested as experimental line MT1621. Dagmar has similar grain yield potential to ‘Vida’, the most widely grown cultivar in Montana. Stems of Dagmar are more solid than those of Vida, suggesting increased resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton). Dagmar has higher grain protein and stronger gluten than Vida. Thus, Dagmar should be useful in Montana and adjoining states facing drought and wheat stem sawfly pressure.
Registration of ‘Egan’ Wheat with Resistance to Orange Wheat Blossom Midge
(2014-08) Blake, Nancy K.; Stougaard, Robert N.; Bohannon, B.; Weaver, David K.; Heo, Hwa-Young; Lamb, Peggy F.; Nash, Deanna L.; Wichman, David M.; Kephart, Ken D.; Miller, John H.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Grey, William E.; Reddy, Gadi V. P.; Lanning, Susan P.; Sherman, Jamie D.; Talbert, Luther E.
Egan' hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. No. 1102, PI 671855) was developed by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2014. Egan is intended for production in areas of Montana infested with the orange wheat blossom midge (OWBM) (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). Egan is resistant to OWBM due to antibiosis conferred by resistance gene Sm1. Egan also contains a chromosome segment originally introgressed into wheat from T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides containing a gene for high protein (Gpc-B1) and a gene for stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici) resistance (Yr36). Egan has shown high yield potential and high grain protein in nurseries grown under OWBM pressure in the Flathead Valley of Montana. Egan is the first hard red spring wheat cultivar with resistance to OWBM developed for Montana.
Registration of ‘Lustre’ durum wheat
(Wiley, 2022-08) Hogg, Andrew C.; Carr, Patrick; Eberly, Jed; Chen, Chengci; Kowatch‐Carlson, Calla; Crutcher, Frankie; Lamb, Peggy F.; McNamara, Kyla; Haney, Eleri; Kephart, Ken D.
‘Lustre’ (Reg. no. CV-1193, PI 695072) is a spring durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)] developed by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2020. Lustre was bred using the single seed descent method and was selected for its yield performance under dryland conditions across Montana, low grain Cd accumulation, good pasta firmness, high grain protein, high yellow semolina color, and low semolina ash. Lustre performs well in both the north central and northeast regions of Montana, where most Montana durum is produced and intended for pasta production. Lustre has similar stripe rust tolerance and susceptibility as top-grown durum cultivars in the state with susceptibility at the seedling stage and high-temperature adult-plant resistance. Lustre is moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight like other durum cultivars. Lustre is resistant to the predominant races of stem and leaf rust and is moderately tolerant to fungal leaf spot complex. Lustre is approximately 89 cm tall, with a yellow green color and a heading date 1 d later than the cultivar ‘Mountrail’. Lustre has an erect flag leaf and an erect tapering head having white glumes and awns.
Registration of 'Northern' Hard Red Winter Wheat
(2016-05) Berg, Jim E.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, John H.; Wichman, David M.; Kephart, Ken D.; Stougaard, Robert N.; Pradhan, G. P.; Nash, Deanna L.; Grey, William E.; Gettel, D.; Gale, Sam; Jin, Yue; Kolmer, J. A.; Chen, X.; Bai, G.; Murray, T. D.; Bruckner, Phil L.
Northern' (Reg. No. CV-1114, PI 676026) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2015. Northern was derived from a composite of two crosses, MT9982//MTW0072/NW97151 and MTW0047//MTW0072/NW97151. Northern was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F-5:7 headrow. Northern was tested under the experimental number MT0978 in Montana yield trials from 2009 to 2015. Like predominant cultivar Yellowstone, Northern is a high-yielding, winter-hardy hard red winter wheat cultivar with medium to late maturity, medium to high grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality. Northern was released for its excellent performance in winter wheat production environments of north-central Montana, reduced plant height, and improved grain volume weight and resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) relative to Yellowstone.
Registration of ‘StandClear CLP’ hard red winter wheat
(2020-06) Berg, Jim E.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Davis, Edward S.; Eberly, Jed O.; Miller, John H.; Chen, Chengci; Pradhan, G. P.; Torrion, Jessica A.; Ramsfield, Ron; Smith, Vincent H.; Nash, Deanna L.; Holen, Doug L.; Cook, Jason P.; Gale, Sam; Jin, Yue; Chen, X.; Bruckner, Phil L.
‘StandClear CLP’ (Reg. no. CV-1162, PI 693236) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and exclusively licensed to Loveland Products, Inc., in 2020. StandClear CLP is a two-gene Clearfield, semisolid-stem wheat intended for use with the selective imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide imazamox. StandClear CLP resulted from a cross of MTS0531 to an IMI herbicide tolerant F1 plant from a population segregating for two acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) genes [TaAHAS1D and TaAHAS1B]. Original herbicide tolerance donors were IMI ‘Fidel’ (TX12588*4/FS2, BASF) for allele TaAHAS1D via descended experimental lines MTCL0309 and MTCL0510, and proprietary hard red spring wheat line CDC Teal 11A (BASF Corporation) for allele TaAHAS1B. StandClear CLP was selected as a F6:7 headrow in 2014 following multiple cycles of phenotypic mass selection for IMI herbicide tolerance and stem solidness. StandClear CLP was tested under the experimental number MTCS1601 from 2016 to 2019 in Montana for field performance, herbicide tolerance, and end-use quality. StandClear CLP is a high-yielding, Clearfield HRW wheat cultivar with intermediate stem solidness, moderate host plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly, and acceptable milling and baking quality.
Registration of ‘StandClear CLP’ hard red winter wheat
(Wiley, 2020-06) Berg, Jim E.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Davis, E. S.; Eberly, J. O.; Miller, John H.; Chen, C.; Pradhan, G. P.; Torrion, J. A.; Ramsfield, R.; Smith, V.; Nash, Deanna L.; Holen, D. L.; Cook, J. P.; Gale, S.; Jin, Y.; Chen, X.; Bruckner, Phil L.
‘StandClear CLP’ (Reg. no. CV-1162, PI 693236) hard red winter (HRW) wheat(Triticum aestivumL.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and exclusively licensed to Loveland Products, Inc., in 2020.StandClear CLP is a two-gene Clearfield, semisolid-stem wheat intended for use with the selective imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide imazamox. StandClear CLPresulted from a cross of MTS0531 to an IMI herbicide tolerant F1plant from a population segregating for two acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) genes [TaA-HAS1DandTaAHAS1B]. Original herbicide tolerance donors were IMI ‘Fidel’(TX12588*4/FS2, BASF) for alleleTaAHAS1Dvia descended experimental linesMTCL0309 and MTCL0510, and proprietary hard red spring wheat line CDCTeal 11A (BASF Corporation) for alleleTaAHAS1B. StandClear CLP was selectedasaF6:7headrow in 2014 following multiple cycles of phenotypic mass selection for IMI herbicide tolerance and stem solidness. StandClear CLP was tested under the experimental number MTCS1601 from 2016 to 2019 in Montana for field performance, herbicide tolerance, and end-use quality. StandClear CLP is a high-yielding, Clearfield HRW wheat cultivar with intermediate stem solidness,moderate host plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly, and acceptable milling and baking quality.
Relationships between roots, the stay‐green phenotype, and agronomic performance in barley and wheat grown in semi‐arid conditions
(Wiley, 2022-01) Williams, Jessica L.; Sherman, Jamie D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Cook, Jason; Lachowiec, Jennifer A.; Bourgault, Maryse
Stay-green is a phenotype that crop breeders could use to improve drought adaptation. It increases the duration of grain fill in several species including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maintaining yield in semi-arid conditions. Evidence from controlled environment experiments suggests a connection between stay-green and root systems. These belowground structures are understudied and thus represent opportunity for crop improvement if relationships to agronomics can be understood. Minirhizotrons facilitate study of these relationships by allowing repeated nondestructive root measurements in field conditions. However, this is time-consuming, and proxies would be useful for increasing throughput capacity of root research. Here we present results from field trials with minirhizotrons in a semi-arid environment, as well as greenhouse seedling assays conducted on stay-green and non-stay-green barley and wheat lines. In barley, stay-green and greater yield were primarily associated with greater deep root length and delayed root senescence, whereas in wheat, yield was most strongly correlated with total root length, and root system differences for stay-green were not as apparent. We speculate that the physiology of stay-green is different between these two species, and that barley may use a more efficient root system to withstand drought whereas wheat relies on a larger one. Several seedling traits related consistently to field root traits, but correlation directions were often opposite between barley and wheat. The connections between traits presented here could be useful for breeders seeking to improve crop adaptation to drought, but more genotypes and environments will need to be tested.
Soil bacterial community response to cover crop introduction in a wheat-based dryland cropping system
(Frontiers Media SA, 2022-11) Eberly, Jed O.; Bourgault, Maryse; Dafo, Julia M.; Yeoman, Carl J.; Wyffels, Samuel A.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Boss, Darrin L.
The incorporation of cover crops into cropping systems is important for enhancing soil health in agricultural systems. Soil microbes contribute to soil health by supplying key nutrients and providing protection against plant pests, diseases, and abiotic stress. While research has demonstrated the connection between cover crops and the soil microbiology, less is known regarding the impact of cover crops on the soil microbial community in semi-arid regions of the Northern Great Plains. Our objectives were to evaluate changes in the soil bacterial community composition and community networks in wheat grown after multi-species cover crops. Cover crops were compared to continuous cropping and crop/fallow systems and the effects of cover crop termination methods were also evaluated. Cover crops consisted of a cool season multispecies mix, mid-season multispecies mix, and a warm season multispecies mix, which were grown in rotation with winter wheat. A continuous cropping (wheat/barley) and wheat/fallow system were also included along with cover crop termination by grazing, herbicide application, and haying. Cover crop treatments and termination methods had no significant impact on microbial community alpha diversity. Cover crop termination methods also had no significant impact on microbial community beta diversity. Families belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacterioidota, and Proteobacteria were more abundant in the cool season cover crop treatment compared to the warm season cover crop treatment. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that incorporation of cool season cover crops or mid-season mixes in a wheat-based cropping system led to greater complexity and connectivity within these microbial networks compared to the other treatments which suggests these communities may be more resilient to environmental disturbances.