Scholarly Work - Indigenous Research Initiative
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/15852
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Item Whose deal? : Burton K. Wheeler and the Indian Reorganization Act(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 1996) Stoddart, William Morrow; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Thomas R. WesselSenator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana upheld the long-standing U. S. government policy of assimilating American Indians into the dominant populace. As a Progressive, he believed the "Indian Reorganization" bill he introduced in Congress in 1934 to permit limited self-government for reservation communities would assist Native Americans in becoming prosperous, self-sufficient members of the United States political economy. Within three years, however, Wheeler sought repeal of the act, asserting that the Indian Reorganization Act had encouraged the expansion of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and thereby subverted the efforts of American Indians to achieve independence from federal oversight. Wheeler further argued that the increased administrative influence exercised by Commissioner of Indian Affairs John Collier betrayed both the intent of the legislation and Indian people as well. Wheeler's steadfast opposition to the Indian Reorganization Act demonstrated his commitment to representative government and contrasted with the non-representative policies administered by the Indian Bureau.Item The reformation of American Indian policy and the Flathead Confederation, 1877-1893(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 1980) Spehar, Jay WilliamItem Chief Little Shell's tribe of landless Chippewa Indians of Montana : a question of recognition(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 1983) Eder, Jeanne Marie OyawinItem Termination of federal supervision over the Klamath tribe of Indians, Oregon, 1928-1961(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 1974) Beaird, William LynnItem The Sokaogon Chippewa and their lost treaty : 'We have always been here'(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 1993) McGeshick, Joseph R.; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Mary Murphy.The Sokaogon Chippewa struggled for years in northern Wisconsin to retain their traditional land which provided all the necessities of life. Researching Sokaogon history from 1826 to the early 1850s reveals that the Sokaogon enjoyed separate recognition from the federal government, as an autonomous group of Lake Superior Chippewa. However, the federal government, with the eager support of the Euroamerican population in the state, attempted to consolidate as many of the different Lake Superior Chippewa groups as possible to make room fro the influx of settlers, miners and timbermen. According to Sokaogon oral tradition, and supported by contemporary Chippewa historians and scholars, the Sokaogon negotiated and signed a treaty sometime between 1854 and 1855. Unfortunately, the treaty, and an accompanying map outlining a reservation of some twelve square miles, was lost before being ratified by Congress. Some eighty years passed before the government recognized the Sokaogon as a separate group of Lake Superior Chippewa.