Scholarly Work - Land Resources & Environmental Sciences

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/8680

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Linking meteorology, turbulence, and air chemistry in the Amazon Rain Forest
(2016-12) Fuentes, Jose D.; Chamecki, Marcelo; Nascimento dos Santos, Rosa Maria; von Randow, Celso; Stoy, Paul C.; Katul, Gabriel; Fitzjarrald, David; Manzi, Antonio O.; Gerken, Tobias; Trowbridge, Amy M.; Freire, Livia Souza; Ruiz-Plancarte, Jesus; Furtunato Maia, Jair Max; Tota, Julio; Dias, Nelson; Fisch, Gilberto; Schumacher, Courtney; Acevedo, Otavio C.; Mercer, Juliane Rezende; Yanez-Serrano, Ana Maria
We describe the salient features of a field study whose goals are to quantify the vertical distribution of plant-emitted hydrocarbons and their contribution to aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei production above a central Amazonian rain forest. Using observing systems deployed on a 50-m meteorological tower, complemented with tethered balloon deployments, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons and aerosols was determined under different boundary layer thermodynamic states. The rain forest emits sufficient reactive hydrocarbons, such as isoprene and monoterpenes, to provide precursors of secondary organic aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei. Mesoscale convective systems transport ozone from the middle troposphere, enriching the atmospheric boundary layer as well as the forest canopy and surface layer. Through multiple chemical transformations, the ozone-enriched atmospheric surface layer can oxidize rain forest-emitted hydrocarbons. One conclusion derived from the field studies is that the rain forest produces the necessary chemical species and in sufficient amounts to undergo oxidation and generate aerosols that subsequently activate into cloud condensation nuclei.
Temporal Scales of the Nocturnal Flow Within and Above a Forest Canopy in Amazonia
(2016-10) Santos, Daniel M.; Acevedo, Otavio C.; Chamecki, Marcelo; Fuentes, Jose D.; Gerken, Tobias; Stoy, Paul C.
Multiresolution decomposition is applied to 10 months of nocturnal turbulence observations taken at eight levels within and above a forest canopy in Central Amazonia. The aim is to identify the contributions of different temporal scales of the flow above and within the canopy. Results show that turbulence intensity in the lower canopy is mostly affected by the static stability in the upper canopy. Horizontal velocity fluctuations peak at time scales longer than 100 s within the canopy, which correspond to the scale of non-turbulent submeso motions above the canopy. In the vertical velocity spectrum near the surface, the peak occurs at time scales around 100 s, which are larger than the time scales of the turbulent flow above the canopy. Heat-flux cospectra within the canopy peak at the same temporal scales as the vertical velocity fluctuations at that level, suggesting the existence of buoyancy driven turbulence. Case studies are presented as evidence that low-frequency fluctuations propagate towards the canopy interior more easily than does turbulence.