Health & Human Development

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The Department of Health and Human Development is a group of dedicated faculty and staff whose interests, while diverse, center on one central theme: human beings. HHD works to help individuals from early childhood to mature adults though teaching, research, and service programs in both the public and private sectors.

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Author: search.filters.author.Mastro, A.M.search.filters.applied.f.department: search.filters.department.Health & Human Development.

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    Cytokine production by stimulated mononuclear cells did not change with aging in apparently healthy, well-nourished women
    (Elsevier, 2001) Ahluwalia, N.; Mastro, A.M.; Ball, R.; Miles, Mary; Rajendra, R.; Handte, G.
    Aging is often associated with a dysregulation of the immune system. We examined mitogen-stimulated production of interleukin (IL)-2 and proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, in apparently healthy and generally well-nourished old versus young women. Subjects were screened for health using the SENIEUR protocol and a panel of laboratory tests for inflammation, as well as for the adequacy of nutritional status using criteria related to undernutrition, and protein, iron, vitamin B12, and folate status. Young (n=26, age: 20–40 years) and old (n=44, age: 62–88 years) cohorts did not differ on the number of circulating monocytes, granulocytes, B (CD19+) cells, and T (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) cells. No differences (P>0.10) were seen between the two age groups in IL-2, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in whole blood cultures at 48 h after stimulation with PHA (5 mg/l). Furthermore, no age-related differences were noted in the absolute amounts (pg) of IL-1β and IL-6 after normalizing for circulating monocytes, B cells, or T cells (P>0.10). Similarly, no age-related decline in absolute amount of IL-2 (pg) after normalizing for circulating T cells was noted (P>0.10). Thus, contrary to most previous reports, our results do not support an increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, and a reduced production of IL-2 with aging when health and nutritional status are maintained. These findings support our previous results of no change in monocyte function and few alterations in acquired immune response in a carefully selected group of healthy and well-nourished elderly women.
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    Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule Expression During Intense Resistance Exercise
    (American Physiological Society, 1998) Miles, Mary; Leach, S.K.; Kraemer, W.J.; Dohi, K.; Bush, J.A.; Mastro, A.M.
    We hypothesized that expression of L-selectin and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) integrin adhesion molecules would influence cell type-specific redistribution during exercise. Women subjects performed six sets of 10-repetition maximum squats. L-selectin and VLA-4 integrin were measured by using flow cytometry pre- and postexercise on peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes (n 5 29 subjects) and lymphocyte subsets (n 5 70 subjects), respectively. Neutrophil concentration increased 41.8% (P , 0.001), whereas the percent expressing L-selectin was unchanged (79%). Lymphocyte concentration increased 61.8% (P , 0.001). The percent of T cells expressing L-selectin decreased from 73.5 6 8.9 to 68.2 6 11.4% (P , 0.001); the combined population of natural killer and B cells expressing L-selectin decreased from 80.4 6 22.5 to 62.7 6 25.8% (P , 0.001). VLA-4 integrin was expressed by nearly all lymphocytes both pre- and postexercise. The proportional decrease in L-selectin positive cells could have resulted from 1) shedding of L-selectin, 2) selective entry of L-selectin-negative subsets, or 3) selective removal of L-selectin-positive subsets.
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