Browsing by Author "Talbert, Luther E."

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2003 Evaluation of Durum Wheat Variety Performance Under No-Till Recrop Conditions Following a Pulse Crop Near Moccasin, Montana and 2003 Evaluation of Durum Wheat Variety Performance in Recrop Systems near Denton and Fort Benton
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Lanning, Susan P.; Philips, Dave; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of durum wheat varieties in recrop or continuous crop environments in the southern triangle and central Montana. Twenty spring durum varieties were re-cropped no-till into lentil stubble. The only supplemental fertilizer was 50lbs per acre of 20-20-20-10 blend applied through the drill at seeding. Conditions were good at seeding, but plant available moisture conditions deteriorated through June and July resulting in low yields and low test weights. Drought conditions contributed to low yields and test weights and above normal grain protein levels. New varieties are steadily replacing many of the old standards as the consistent top yielders.
2003 Evaluation of Spring Wheat Variety Performance in No-Till Recrop After Pulse Crop System Near Moccasin
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Lanning, Susan P.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of spring wheat varieties in recrop or continuous crop environments in central Montana. Drought conditions contributed to low yields and test weights and above normal grain protein levels. These trials continue to show how spring wheat varieties perform in less than ideal plant available water conditions.
2003 Statewide Evaluation of Spring Wheat Variety Performance in Advanced Yield and Preliminary Yield Trials
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Lanning, Susan P.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of advanced and early generation spring wheat lines under a crop-fallow environment in central Montana. Drought conditions contributed to low yields and test weights and above normal grain protein levels. These trials continue to show how spring wheat varieties perform in less than ideal plant available water conditions.
Advanced Yield and Preliminary Spring Wheat Variety Performance Trials (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Lanning, Susan P.; Sharp, Gail L.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates agronomic performance of new experimental lines and existing hard red spring wheat varieties in Central Montana. The Advanced Yields ranged from 34.3 to 47.5 bu/a and averaged 40.5 bu/a. Due to low precipitation, grain yields were lower than average. Test weights averaged below normal at 58 lbs/bu and proteins averaged 17.3 percent. Preliminary Yields ranged from 29.8 to 44.6 bu/a with the average yield being 35.7 bu/a. Test weights averaged 57.4 lbs/bu and grain protein averaged 18.3 percent. Broken stems were noticed in the nurseries this year and were attributed to strawbreaker, a disease of wheat caused by the fungus Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. Stem breakage in the Advanced Yield grain nursery was not significant and averaged less than 0.1 percent of the total plot. Stem breakage in the Preliminary Yield grain nursery ranged from 0 to 2 percent except for one experimental line where breakage was recorded at 14 percent of the total plot. High protein levels accompanied lower than average test weights in both nurseries indicative of the low level of moisture received this year.
Advanced Yield and Preliminary Spring Wheat Variety Performance Trials (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Lanning, Susan P.; Sharp, Gail L.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This report evaluates agronomic performance of new experimental lines and existing hard red spring wheat varieties in Central Montana. The advanced and preliminary yield spring wheat nurseries were hailed on July 8, August 20, and August 22, 2002 resulting in a complete loss. Plant heights and heading dates were recorded before the trials were damaged. Heading information is presented as day of the year from January 1st.
Cereal Grain Cultivar Performance Under No-Till Continuous Cropping in Central Montana Off-Station Trials in central Montana off-station trials (4W2755) (2009)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2009) Bates, S.R.; Berg, Jim E.; Blake, Tom; Bruckner, Phil L.; Lanning, Susan P.; Talbert, Luther E.; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the performance of winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley varieties in no-till continuous crop systems across central Montana and to provide unbiased information on improved cereal cultivars for producers to use in the selection of best suited cereal grain varieties for the various cropping environment. The management strategy utilized for the off-station trial sites is for CARC staff to establish, monitor, harvest, record and process the data. The concept is to evaluate the cultivars under the conditions in which the producers are going to be raising them. The 2009 crop year experienced harsh, dry, cold and windy, weather during the winter and spring causing stand survival problems and inhibited the growth of both winter and spring cereals. Numerous central Montana winter wheat fields experienced winter wheat mortality in the field headlands due to tractor and implement turning. The resilience exhibited by winter wheat, spring wheat and barley in the 2009 central Montana variety trials clearly demonstrate why cereals are the predominant annual crops in central Montana. In spite of the harsh spring growing conditions all three crops produced well. barley is a crop of last resort used to deal with a particular pest, wheat disease, situation. No-till practices have proven ineffective in reducing soil erosion through increased ground cover. However, the turning area in the headlands are proving to some times and conditions to be a challenge, particularly with winter wheat, for stand establishment and survival.
Characterization of resistance to Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in barley germplasm
(2018-04) Varella, Andrea C.; Talbert, Luther E.; Achhami, Buddhi B.; Blake, Nancy K.; Hofland, Megan L.; Sherman, Jamie D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Reddy, Gadi V. P.; Weaver, David K.
Most barley cultivars have some degree of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (WSS), Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). Damage caused by WSS is currently observed in fields of barley grown in the Northern Great Plains, but the impact of WSS damage among cultivars due to genetic differences within the barley germplasm is not known. Specifically, little is known about the mechanisms underlying WSS resistance in barley. We characterized WSS resistance in a subset of the spring barley CAP (Coordinated Agricultural Project) germplasm panel containing 193 current and historically important breeding lines from six North American breeding programs. Panel lines were grown in WSS infested fields for two consecutive years. Lines were characterized for stem solidness, stem cutting, WSS infestation (antixenosis), larval mortality (antibiosis), and parasitism (indirect plant defense). Variation in resistance to WSS in barley was compared to observations made for solid-stemmed resistant and hollow-stemmed susceptible wheat lines. Results indicate that both antibiosis and antixenosis are involved in the resistance of barley to the WSS, but antibiosis seems to be more prevalent. Almost all of the barley lines had greater larval mortality than the hollow-stemmed wheat lines, and only a few barley lines had mortality as low as that observed in the solid-stemmed wheat line. Since barley lines lack solid stems, it is apparent that barley has a different form of antibiosis. Our results provide information for use of barley in rotation to control the WSS and may provide a basis for identification of new approaches for improving WSS resistance in wheat.
Characterization of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly in spring wheat landrace accessions from targeted geographic regions of the world
(2017-07) Varella, Andrea C.; Weaver, David K.; Cook, Jason P.; Blake, Nancy K.; Hofland, Megan L.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Talbert, Luther E.
Plant landraces have long been recognized as potential gene pools for biotic and abiotic stress-related genes. This research used spring wheat landrace accessions to identify new sources of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (WSS) (Cephus cinctus Norton), an important insect pest of wheat in the northern Great Plains of North America. Screening efforts targeted 1409 accessions from six geographical areas of the world where other species of grain sawflies are endemic or where a high frequency of accessions possesses the resistance characteristic of solid stems. Resistance was observed in approximately 14% of accessions. Half of the lines displayed both antixenosis and antibiosis types of resistance. Among the resistant accessions, 41% had solid or semi-solid stems. Molecular genetic screening for haplotypes at the solid stem QTL, Qss.msub.3BL, showed that 15% of lines shared the haplotype derived from \'S-615\', the original donor of the solid stem trait to North American germplasm. Other haplotypes associated with solid stems were also observed. Haplotype diversity was greater in the center of origin of wheat. Evaluation of a representative set of resistant landrace accessions in replicated field trials at four locations over a three year period identified accessions with potential genes for reduced WSS infestation, increased WSS mortality, and increased indirect defense via parasitoids. Exploitation of distinct types of plant defense will expand the genetic diversity for WSS resistance currently present in elite breeding lines.
Discovery of a Novel Stem Rust Resistance Allele in Durum Wheat That Exhibits Differential Reactions to Ug99 Isolates
(2017-09) Nirmala, Jayaveeramuthu; Saini, Jyoti; Newcomb, Maria; Olivera, Pablo; Gale, Sam; Klindworth, Daryl; Elias, Elias; Talbert, Luther E.; Chao, Shiaoman; Faris, Justin; Xu, Steven; Jin, Yue; Rouse, Matthew N.
Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Erikss. & E. Henn, can incur yield losses on susceptible cultivars of durum wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (Desf.) Husnot. Though several durum cultivars possess the stem rust resistance gene Sr13, additional genes in durum wheat effective against emerging virulent races have not been described. Durum line 8155-B1 confers resistance against the P. graminis f. sp. tritici race TTKST, the variant race of the Ug99 race group with additional virulence to wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr24 However, 8155-B1 does not confer resistance to the first-described race in the Ug99 race group: TTKSK. We mapped a single gene conferring resistance in 8155-B1 against race TTKST, Sr8155B1, to chromosome arm 6AS by utilizing Rusty/8155-B1 and Rusty*2/8155-B1 populations and the 90K Infinium iSelect Custom bead chip supplemented by KASP assays. One marker, KASP_6AS_IWB10558, cosegregated with Sr8155B1 in both populations and correctly predicted Sr8155B1 presence or absence in 11 durum cultivars tested. We confirmed the presence of Sr8155B1 in cultivar Mountrail by mapping in the population Choteau/Mountrail. The marker developed in this study could be used to predict the presence of resistance to race TTKST in uncharacterized durum breeding lines and also to combine Sr8155B1 with resistance genes effective to Ug99 such as Sr13 The map location of Sr8155B1 cannot rule out the possibility that this gene is an allele at the Sr8 locus. However, race specificity indicates that Sr8155B1 is different from the known alleles Sr8a and Sr8b.
Durum Variety Evaluation in Off-Station and Re-Crop Trials Near Moccasin, Denton, Fort Benton, and Winifred (2000)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2000) Lanning, Susan P.; Philips, Dave; Sharp, Gail L.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the performance of spring durum varieties in environments and cropping methods representative of the southern triangle and central Montana. Durum yields were below average at all locations except the Denton site where yields were equal to the 4-year average for that location. Test weights were below average at all sites this year with the average over all sites and all cultivars being 57.5 lbs/bu. The Uniform Statewide Durum trial planted at Moccasin consisted of 20 entries with McNeal planted as a hard red spring wheat check. The off-station trials planted at Denton, Fort Benton, and Winifred consisted of 10 entries plus McNeal as a check. Low rainfall at the Fort Benton site was very apparent in all parameters measured in the durum trials. No cultivar yielded as well as McNeal spring wheat when averaged across the four locations, however, several entries planted at Moccasin in the Statewide nursery yielded as well or higher than McNeal. Grain proteins for all cultivars were well above the 13.5% minimum standard acceptable to buyers.
Evaluation of Agronomic Performance of Winter Wheat, Spring Wheat, and Barley Cultivars in Recrop Near Moccasin, Denton, and Geraldine, Montana (2010)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2010) Bates, S.R.; Berg, Jim E.; Blake, Tom; Bruckner, Phil L.; Dahlhausen, S.J.; Lanning, Susan P.; Talbert, Luther E.; Wichman, David M.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This report evaluates the performance of winter and spring cereal grain varieties in continuous crop and re-crop environments near Moccasin, Denton, and Geraldine. The 2010 central Montana continuous crop cereal grain yields were generally above average do to more plentiful precipitation distributed more evenly across the growing season. In some cases, winter wheat and spring crop yields were limited by weather caused by delays in seeding date. Late seeded winter wheat experienced early and mid-spring stand losses due to weak seedlings being exposed driving winds and some soil movement around the plant crowns. Sawfly was not as great of a factor in the winter wheat, except for some late seeded stands. While sawfly was a significant factor in spring wheat, the cutting generally was not as great as that experienced in 2009. Sawfly was less of a factor in the 2010 barley crop, also. 2010 was a somewhat stressful year, for the crop producer, due to the multitude of atypical weather events that occurred across the crop year starting with extreme cold and wet conditions in October 2009. While not all cereal crops were successful, those crops that had good stands generally produced good to outstanding yields. Sawfly cutting was sufficient to provide a good evaluation of spring wheat varieties and late seeded winter wheat varieties for tolerance, yet were not so severe as to wipe out any chance for useable yield data.
Evaluation of Spring Durum Variety Performance in Trials Near Moccasin, Denton, Fort Benton, and Winifred (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Lanning, Susan P.; Philips, Dave; Sharp, Gail L.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the performance of spring durum varieties in environments and cropping methods representative of the southern triangle and central Montana. Grain yields ranged from 24.8 to 35.8 bu/a at the two Moccasin sites with McNeal being the top yielding variety. Yields at off-station nurseries were considerably lower. YU894-75, a variety from Western Plant Breeders, was the second highest yielding variety. McNeal was grown as a hard red spring wheat check and again out-yielded durum varieties. Mountrail was higher in yield than McNeal at the Denton and Winifred sites but McNeal topped the list when averaged across all locations and in long-term averages for any one location.
Evaluation of Spring Durum Variety Performance in Trials Near Moccasin, Denton, Fort Benton, and Winifred (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Lanning, Susan P.; Philips, Dave; Sharp, Gail L.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the performance of spring durum varieties in environments and cropping methods representative of the southern triangle and central Montana. The 2002 statewide durum trials seeded on fallow and no-till recrop at the CARC were hailed out about 4 days prior to full ripening. The off-station trials have been reduced to a select six entries. The small durum acreage in the area does not merit a larger effort in terms of constricted cereal crops research dollars. In central Montana, for most agronomic characters, durum varieties are generally inferior to McNeal spring wheat. This statement is based on other recent experience. McNeal was not included in the data presented here.
Evaluation of Spring Wheat Cultivar Performance Under Continuous-Crop and Crop-Crop-Fallow Systems in Central Montana (2011)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2011) Dahlhausen, S.J.; Lanning, Susan P.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the relative performance spring wheat cultivars and development lines in central Montana crop environments. The 2011 growing season conditions were atypical beginning with above average precipitation in September and November. Winter precipitation was near average, while April through mid-June precipitation was much above average. Mid-June through August precipitation was below average. The Moccasin location was seeded in mid-April. The Denton and Geraldine locations were seeded in mid-May due to the wet spring weather. The combination of short lentil stubble and ability to access the site quickly made if feasible to seed the Moccasin much earlier than most spring seedings in the area. Stripe rust infestations were wide spread in winter wheat but were not a problem in much of the spring wheat due to the generally dry sunny conditions in mid-June through August. The 2011 results re-emphasize the importance of getting spring wheat seeded prior to mid-spring. Yields were severely reduced by the mid- May seeding date. Vida continues to be an outstanding yield standard in central Montana. However, it does have lower protein than most of the spring wheat entries.
Evaluation of Spring Wheat Cultivar Performance Under Continuous-Crop and Crop-Crop-Fallow Systems in Central Montana (2012)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2012) Wichman, David M.; Talbert, Luther E.; Lanning, Susan P.; Deanon, B.J.S.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Dahlhausen, S.J.
This report evaluates the relative performance of spring wheat cultivars and development lines in central Montana crop environments. Twenty spring wheat entries were established on NTCC at Moccasin, Denton, Geraldine, and Ft. Benton. The 2012 growing season was warmer and dryer than the long term average. Geraldine had more optimal precipitation. Warm spring growing conditions were interrupted with of freezing temperatures. At CARC, it froze five consecutive nights May 24-29. The spring wheat showed less frost stress than barley. Hail on June 5 removed 10-15% of the spring wheat leaf tissue. Sawfly cutting was minimal to none. The 2012 spring wheat crop ripened 10-15d earlier than normal. Ft. Benton trial is the first there in ten years. 2012 was a drought year. However, the 2012 yields were not as far off the six year average as might have been expected.
Evaluation of Spring Wheat Variety Performance in Trials Near Moccasin, Denton, Fort Benton, and Winifred (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Lanning, Susan P.; Philips, Dave; Sharp, Gail L.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the performance of spring wheat varieties in environments and cropping methods representative of the southern triangle and central Montana. Yields ranged from 6.1 to 36.5 bu/a with the highest yields at the Moccasin sites. Low moisture at the Fort Benton site contributed to lower than average yields. Reeder was one of the top yielding varieties averaging 28.6 bu/a across the five locations, however differences in yield among the varieties were significant only in the Winifred and Moccasin recrop nurseries. Low precipitation levels resulted in lower than average yields at all locations tested. This was most evident at the Fort Benton site where yields were approximately one third that of the long term averages. Yields at the Winifred site were also significantly less than long term averages for that area.
Evaluation of Spring Wheat Variety Performance Near Moccasin, Denton, Fort Benton, and Winifred (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Lanning, Susan P.; Philips, Dave; Sharp, Gail L.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of spring wheat varieties in environments and cropping methods representative of the southern triangle and Central Montana. The Moccasin location was hailed out prior to harvest. Late spring moisture provided for fair spring wheat yield levels on the other two recrop sites. Though fallow for 1.5 years, the Winifred site had limited soil water available at seeding. Unusually cool conditions in April and May helped maximize the plant growth from what soil water was available. Again, high rainfall in June helped offset this limiting factor.
Museum Spring Wheat Variety Comparison Nursery (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Lanning, Susan P.; Sharp, Gail L.; Talbert, Luther E.; Wichman, David M.
This report demonstrates a comparison in variety development effect on spring wheat yield levels. In general more recently released varieties had higher yields. No variety use decision should be made on this data as it is un-replicated and a single year performance.
Non-target site resistance to flucarbazone, imazamethabenz and pinoxaden is controlled by three linked genes in Avena fatua
(2018-02) Burns, Erin E.; Keith, Barbara K.; Talbert, Luther E.; Dyer, William E.
Extensive herbicide usage has led to the evolution of resistant weed populations that cause substantial crop yield losses and increase production costs. The multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) Avena fatua populations utilised in this study are resistant to members of all selective herbicide families, across five modes of action, available for A. fatua control in US small grain production, and thus pose significant agronomic and economic threats. Resistance to acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors is not conferred by known target site mutations, indicating that non-target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms are involved. Understanding the inheritance of NTS MHR is of upmost importance for continued agricultural productivity in the face of the rapid increase in resistant weed populations worldwide. As few studies have examined the inheritance of NTSR in autogamous weeds, we investigated the inheritance and genetic control of NTSR in the highly autogamous, allohexaploid species A. fatua. We found that NTSR in MHRA. fatua is controlled by three separate, closely-linked nuclear genes for flucarbazone-sodium, imazamethabenz-methyl and pinoxaden. The single-gene NTSR inheritance patterns reported here contrast with other examples in allogamous species and illustrate the diversity of evolutionary responses to strong selection.
Oat Variety Evaluation in Re-Crop Trials at Moccasin (2000)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2000) Berg, Jim E.; Blake, Tom; Bruckner, Phil L.; Hensleigh, Pat F.; Lanning, Susan P.; Philips, Dave; Sharp, Gail L.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of oat varieties under no-till recrop conditions at Moccasin. The 2000 no-till recrop oat trial was seeded into barley stubble. Soil moisture was fair to good for seeding in the spring. The surface soil was almost mud due to the shade and shelter provided by the standing stubble and chaff. The no-till recrop yields were slightly reduced due to the low precipitation levels during the 2000 crop year. The combination of good vegetation control and the water conservation provided with no-till provided for good yields in a dry year.