Browsing by Author "Neill, Karnes E."

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2008 India, Australia and Western Regional Chickpea Line Evaluations
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) McPhee, K.; Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; Heser, J.
This paper evaluates chickpea selections from the India, Australia and the USDA-ARS Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology program in Pullman, Washington, for grain production potential in Central Montana. Chickpea grain yields were exceptional at Moccasin, with the trial averaging 1,248 lbs per acre (at 13% grain moisture; Table 3). As a whole, the India and Australia Lines were superior to the USDA line and three check varieties. These lines are in the Small Kabuli and Desi-type chickpeas versus the traditional Large Kabuli-type, as are the check varieties and USDA-ARS lines. Historically, small Kabuli and Desi-type chickpeas perform better at CARC. The Australian Desi-type Line AC48111 had the greatest grain production (at 13% moisture) with 1,478 lbs acre-1, but was only significantly greater (based on LSD0.05) than six other India and Australia lines and all but one of the USDA-ARS lines.
2008 Statewide Spring Dry Pea and Lentil Variety Evaluations
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; Carlson, G. R.; Miller, John H.; Stougaard, Robert N.; Strang, L.; Westcott, M.; Knox, M.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Miller, Perry R.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Tarum, M.; Koenig, V.
This paper evaluates spring dry pea and lentil varieties for grain production potential in diverse Montana environments. Dry pea grain yields were respectable among most of the testing sites (Table 3). Havre had the greatest production, with a trial average (converted to 13% moisture) of nearly 65 bushels acre-1 (65.6 bu/acre – 3,868 lbs/acre). Moccasin had the worst yield averaging less than 17 bushels acre-1 (16.1 bu/acre - 986 lbs/acre) which is much below long-term means and is thought to be due to poor sub-soil moisture, hail damage, snow and record lows in mid-June, and an insect infestation. As expected, no single entry was the top yielding variety at every location. However, the smooth yellow line PS9910140 did top the trial yields at three locations, and was among the top cultivars in the other locations. Lentil grain yields ranged from 450 to 2300 lbs acre-1 and were respectable across the state (Table 7), with the exceptions being Conrad (450 lbs acre-1), which had a poor stand establishment and Sidney (trial abandoned), which had poor soil moisture at seeding and experienced drought-like conditions through the growing season. Differences in grain yield between the dry pea and lentil trials at Moccasin can be attributed to planting of the lentil trial in a different field, which contained better stored soil moisture. The “Richlea”-type lentil line LC01602300R showed the greatest seed production at three of the six sites, with a grain yield ranging from 9.0 (at Conrad) to over 44 bushels acre-1 (Creston), but was not significant at any location (based on LSD0.05).
2008 Western Regional Spring Dry Pea and Lentil Evaluations
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) McPhee, K.; Vandemark, G.; Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; Heser, J.
This paper evaluates dry pea and lentil selections from the USDA-ARS Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology program in Pullman, Washington, for grain production potential in Central Montana. Dry pea grain yields were much below long-term means and is thought to be due to poor sub-soil moisture, a hail storm, snow and record lows in mid-June, and an insect (pea leaf weevil) infestation. The trial grain yield mean was 1,038 lbs acre-1 (converted to 13% grain moisture - field grain moisture was 923 lbs acre-1; Table 3). The smooth yellow line PS03101822 had the greatest grain production at 13% moisture, averaging 1,282 lbs acre-1, but was not significantly greater than the smooth green line PS03101445 (based on LSD0.05). Lentil grain yields averaged (at 13% moisture) 1,688 lbs acre-1, which was the best Western Regional lentil production at Moccasin since the 2000 crop-year, which averaged an all-time best of 2300 lbs acre-1 at 13% grain moisture (Table 4). At field grain moisture, the Turkish-red line LC01601724T had the highst grain production (not significant). When yields were converted to 13% grain moisture, Eston had the greatest grain production (1,883 lbs acre-1; not significant based on LSD0.05).
Canola and Sweet Lupin -- Potential New Rotation Crops for Central Montana (2003)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Chen, Chengci; Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Brown, Jack; Weeden, Norman F.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper evaluates new regular and specialty canola genotypes from public and private breeders from various regions of U.S. and Canada for adaptation and evaluates narrow leaf lupine genotypes, from Australia and Poland, for adaptation and yield potential in central Montana. Due to the severe summer drought in 2003, canola and lupin did not perform well in the field. Yields were extremely low. Although differences were observed among the cultivars, there was not enough evidence to justify the adaptability of the genotypes in this one-year trial under an unusual weather pattern. The growth chamber study shows great variations among canola genotypes in base temperature and heat unit required for emergence. These results will provide a reference for the selection of canola genotypes for early planting. Previous studies have shown yield advantage of early seeding.
Determine Canola Optimum Seeding Date and Rate in Central Montana (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; Wichman, David M.
This report investigates seeding date and plant density effects on canola yield in central Montana and compares different Roundup-Ready canola varieties for their adaptation to the environments in central Montana. There was no difference between drill types in canola emergence. Both drill types had over 90% emergence rate. DK 3455 at the second seeding date and all three varieties at the third seeding date were damaged by hail before harvesting. Therefore, only yields of DK 223 and Hyola 357 from the first two seeding dates are reported here. Although the earlier the canola was planted the higher of yield received, considering the wet soil conditions and equipment accessibility to the field in the early spring, mid-April is considered the optimum seeding date in the region. The optimum seeding rate is 3 plants/ft2. The DK 223 is recommended a suitable variety for the region. However, due to the highly spatial and temporal variations of climate and soil in central Montana, and unpredictable weather from year to year, this study needs to be repeated to confirm the results.
Dry Field Pea and Hay-Barley Seeding Rate Affects on Dry Matter Forage Production (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Neill, Karnes E.; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the effects of hay barley seeding rate at a constant dry pea rate on forage yield under dryland conditions in Central Montana. Dry matter forage production averaged 3,086 pounds of dry matter per acre (Table 33). The pure barley treatment (#7) had the most dry matter forage production, with 3,915 pounds per acre (1.95 tons/acre), but was equal to (5% level) the Pea-Barley mixed treatments Nos. 4, 5 and 6. Dry pea stands were very similar to target rates, barley stands, however, were significantly less than their target rates. No differences in maturity or canopy heights were observed within the study. Based on the actual stand densities the data set was subdivided into three barley densities: 3, 6 and 9 plants per square foot and a supplemental analysis was performed to show the affect of barley density on pea forage production (Table 33B). Dry pea plant stand densities were not significantly different within the subset, while forage production potential was significantly impacted by increased barley density. At a plant density ratio of 2:3 (6 plants pea to 9 plants barley), dry pea production was only 707 pounds per acre, while at the same plant density (6 plants/ft2) the pure dry pea stand yielded 2,171 pounds per acre. Barley plants density and forage production increased at very similar rates. Overall, dry matter forage production was greatest when the barley density was highest, indicating barley plant density controls forage production of pea-barley mixes.
Evaluation of Dry Field Pea for Forage Production in Montana (Uniform Dry Pea Forage Trial) (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Kephart, Ken D.; Knox, M.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, Perry R.; Westcott, M.
This report evaluates Austrian winter pea variety forage production in pure stands and with a companion cereal forage (Haybet hay barley) under different cropping and environmental conditions in Montana. Average dry matter forage production under dryland conditions was 3,320 pounds per acre (1.7 tons/acre) and under irrigation was 7,044 pounds per acre (3.5 tons/acre; Table 26). Haybet hay barley was the top dry forage producer at all sites (significant under irrigation), having an average dryland production of 4,389 lbs/acre (2.2 tons/acre) and an irrigated average production of 10,980 pounds per acre (5.5 tons/acre). Dry pea varieties mixed with barley had higher yields compared to pure stands (not significant at Bozeman). When all peas and pea/barley mixed plots were combined and compared with pure barley forage production, pure pea plots had significantly lower yields under both cropping conditions (Table 27). Under irrigation, the pea/barley mixed plots also had significantly lower forage yields than pure barley stands. These differences may be attributed to the disparity in total plot (pea + barley in mixed plots) stand densities between pure pea, pure barley and mixed plots under dryland (8, 12, and 12 plants/ft2, respectively) and irrigated conditions (10, 21 and 17 plants/ft2; see Table 24).
Evaluation of Dry Field Pea for Forage Production in Montana (Uniform Dry Pea Forage Trial) (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Cash, S.D.; Johnson, D.; Kephart, Ken D.; Knox, M.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Strang, L.; Westcott, M.
This report evaluates Austrian winter pea variety forage yield performance in pure stands and with a companion cereal forage (Haybet hay barley) under different cropping and environmental conditions in Montana. Since 1999, pure Haybet hay barley stands had the highest dry matter forage production under both dryland and irrigated conditions (significant under dryland), with an average annual forage production of 3,600 and 9,694 pounds per acre under dryland and irrigation, respectively (Table 30). Dry pea cultivars mixed with barley had significantly higher yields than their pure dry pea equivalents. Dry matter protein contents were highest in the pure Sioux Austrian winter pea stands under both dryland and irrigated sites (Table 31). However, total protein production was greatest (although not significantly) for the Melrose Austrian winter pea mixed with barley plots and Granger Austrian winter pea mixed with barley plots under dryland and irrigated sites, respectively. By combining treatment effects, pure Haybet hay barley consistently out-yielded dry pea/barley mixed and pure dry pea treatments (Table 32). Quality analysis, by measure of dry matter protein content, indicates that, although pure pea stands and mixed dry pea stands have higher protein contents, no significant differences in protein yield were seen among treatments (Table 33).
Evaluation of Fall Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Line Performance (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.
This report evaluates winter hardiness of fall seeded Austrian winter pea, dry pea, and lentil lines. Compared to the winter pea lines, the Austrian winter pea lines tended to have higher winter survivals (not analyzed, Table 35A). Among the winter pea lines, no significant difference in winter survival was observed (Table 35B). Compared with Melrose, line PS9530645 was significantly less winter hardy (based on LSD0.05). Among the winter lentil lines, line WA869041 appeared to have the best winter survival, but was not significantly better than two other lines (Table 35C). Winter lentil line LC9440070 appeared to have the lowest winter survival.
Evaluation of Fall Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Line Performance (2004)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; McPhee, K.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Neill, Karnes E.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper evaluates winter hardiness of fall seeded winter dry pea and lentil lines. All winter pea lines exhibited good winter hardiness, with the trial having an average of 106% survivability (Table 3). No differences were observed among the winter pea lines. The winter lentil lines did not exhibit good winter survival as the trial averaged only 69.8% survival (Table 4). Line LC9978094 had the highest survival rating (88.5%), but was not significantly higher than lines LC9979120, WA8649041 and LC9978057.
Evaluation of Fall Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Line Performance (2005)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2005) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; McPhee, K.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Neill, Karnes E.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper evaluates winter hardiness of fall seeded winter dry pea and lentil lines. All winter pea lines exhibited good winter hardiness, having a spring stand of 7.1 plants ft-2 or 95% of the target seeding rate (7.4 plants ft-2; Table 3). No differences were observed among the winter pea lines. The winter lentil lines exhibit slightly poorer winter survival than the winter pea lines. The trial had an average spring stand of 9.8 plants ft-2 or 89% of the target seeding rate (11.1 plants ft-2; Table 4).
Evaluation of Fall Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Line Performance (Western Regional Winter Dry Pea and Lentil Evaluation Trials) (2007)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2007) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; McPhee, K.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper evaluates winter hardiness of fall seeded winter dry pea and lentil lines. A difference in spring stand (visual evaluation) amongst the winter pea lines was exhibited, with Granger Austrian winter pea having the best stand, but was significantly similar to five other lines (Table 3). Upon visual observations, large differences in winter survival among the winter lentil lines were observed (Table 4). Turkish-type (“T”) lines LC02600449T and LC03600295T had the poorest spring stands with an average score of 1.6 and 1.8 (out of possible of 5), respectively.
Evaluation of Fall Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Line Performance (Western Regional Winter Dry Pea and Lentil Evaluation Trials) (2008)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; McPhee, K.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper evaluates winter hardiness of fall seeded winter dry pea and lentil lines. A difference in spring stand (visual evaluation) amongst the winter pea lines was exhibited, with Granger Austrian winter pea having the best stand, but was significantly similar to five other lines (Table 3). Upon visual observations, large differences in winter survival among the winter lentil lines were observed (Table 4). Turkish-type (“T”) lines LC02600449T and LC03600295T had the poorest spring stands with an average score of 1.6 and 1.8 (out of possible of 5), respectively.
Evaluation of Fall-Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Cultivars (2003)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Chen, Chengci; Wichman, David M.; McPhee, K.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Neill, Karnes E.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper evaluates winter survival, performance, and yield of winter pea and lentil variety/breeding lines for grain and forage production potentials in Central Montana's dryland environment. Table 3 and Table 4 show winter survival, biomass and seed yield of each variety/breeding line of pea and lentil, respectively. Due to the dry summer in 2003, the yields of pea and lentil were generally low and little difference among the breeding lines of peas. Several lentil breeding lines performed superior than others (Table 4).
Narrow-leaf Lupine Variety Evaluation and Agronomic Studies (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates narrow-leaf lupine varieties for potential adaptation to central Montana and determines optimum seeding date and rate for this crop in central Montana. Same as the variety evaluation trial, Lupin-M1 kept green throughout the summer, we did not harvest this variety. Furthermore, there was herbicide damage caused by the residual herbicide from previous crop (it was suspected to be Tordon). The damage was especially severe in Replicate 1, therefore, only the replicate 2 and 3 were harvested. Data from two varieties and two replicates are presented as following. Yields were generally lower than the variety evaluation trial. There was no significant different between the drill types and varieties (Fig. 1). Seeding date and rate significantly affected lupine seed yield (Fig.2). The second seeding date (1 May) had higher yield than the first (11 April) and the third (29 May) seeding dates. Yield increased significantly when seeding rate increased from 100 la/A to 120 lb/A, but there was no difference when seeding rate increased from 80 and 100 and when seeding rate increased from 120 to 160 lb/a(Fig.2).
Nitrogen Management in Wheat – Promoting Main Stems or Tillers? (2003)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Chen, Chengci; Fox, Leann; Neill, Karnes E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report investigates plant population, row spacing, and split-application of nitrogen affecting growth, development, and yield and yield components of main stems and tillers of wheat. This experiment was to determine if agronomic strategies that promote head-bearing main stems are superior to those that promote tillers in improving wheat yield. A field experiment was conducted in the spring of 2003. The experiment was carried out at the Central Agricultural Research Center of Montana State University, Moccasin, MT. McNeal spring wheat was planted in a tilled re-cropped field after yellow mustard as a split-split-plot design. Row spacing and fertilizer split application did not affect the total number of tillers per plant, but plant density significantly affected the total tiller numbers per plant. Row space did not affect the grain yield, but fertilizer application and plant density had significant effects on grain yield. In summery, row space, fertilizer split application, and plant density have shown different degrees of effect on tiller and main stem development and senescence, and consequently on grain yield. Understanding the growth and development of main stems and tillers as well as limiting factors will help growers in Montana to choose the best management strategy to increase spring wheat yield and reduce the adverse impact of environment factors and management practices.
Phosphorous Fertilizer for Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea (2003)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Chen, Chengci; Jackson, G.; Neill, Karnes E.; Wichman, David M.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper investigates fertilizer P response in pea, lentil, and chickpea in central and north central low P soils; investigates fertilizer P effects on spring type pea, lentil, and chickpea seedling vigor and seed quality; and investigate Fertilizer P effects on winter type pea and lentil winter survival and seed and hay quality. Due to the summer drought this year, like other spring crops, pea and lentil and chickpea yielded lower than normal years and fertilizer P effects on yield was minimal under such conditions. Further study is needed to test yield response to fertilizer P in central Montana in normal climatic conditions.
Phosphorous Fertilizer for Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea – 2004 Progress Report
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Chen, Chengci; Jackson, G.; Neill, Karnes E.; Wichman, David M.; Miller, John H.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper investigates fertilizer P response in pea, lentil, and chickpea in central and north central low P soils; fertilizer P effects on spring type pea, lentil, and chickpea seedling vigor and seed quality; and fertilizer P effects on winter type pea and lentil winter survival and seed and hay quality. Both winter and spring type legumes produced good yields this year at the CARC site. However, the yields were low at the Cut Bank site due to drought. The chickpea trial was abandoned.
Seeding Configuration, Species Competition and Nitrogen Rate Effects on Dry Field Pea and Hay-Barley Forage Production (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Westcott, M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the effects of seeding configuration, competition between barley and pea and nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate on hay-barley and dry pea forage yield potential under dryland conditions in Central Montana. Dry matter forage production over the four seeding configurations averaged 2,376 pounds of dry matter production per acre (Table 31). The pure barley configuration under 120 pounds N per acre had the most dry matter forage production, with 3,437 pounds per acre (1.7 tons/acre), but was equal to (5% level) pea – barley mixed and pure barley plots, under 60 pounds of N per acre. The pure barley plot under 120 lbs N, also had the greatest protein yield (455 lbs) and canopy height (25”). When plots were compared to Pea-Barley mixed plots over all three N-fertilizer rates, the pure pea plots were the only treatment affect that was significantly different than the pea-barley mixed plot in forage production and protein content (Table 32). There appeared to be no significant differences when Nitrogen fertilizer rates were varied. A more thorough analysis will be written at a later date.
Statewide Evaluation of Chickpea (Garbonzo Bean) Variety Performance (Montana Uniform Chickpea Performance Trial)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Short, R.W.
This report evaluates grain yield potential of chickpea varieties under dryland conditions across Montana. Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2001 cropping year across much of Montana. Below normal growing season precipitation was recorded at all sites, with Sidney being the exception. The above normal precipitation that fell during June, followed by warm humid conditions, at the Sidney site accelerated an outbreak of Ascochyta blight causing severe damage to the chickpea trial. Low grain yields were reported at the Conrad site which received only 2.28 inches of precipitation between seeding date and end of July. By summarizing four years (1998-2001) of performance trials, statewide, Dwelley (kabuli-type) chickpea was out yielded by all other varieties of chickpeas evaluated, except for the one-year trial at Bozeman (Table 23).